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J. P  denphant  A. Gotfredsen  L. Nilas  H. N  rgaard  O. Br  ndstrup 《BONE》1986,7(6):427-430
The aim of the study was to evaluate the representativity of iliac crest biopsy for the amount of mineralized trabecular and cortical bone in the skeleton. The following data were obtained on bone from 14 necropsies: right sided iliac crest biopsy, lumbar spine biopsy, dry fat free weight of lumbar spine, bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and dry fat free weight of cortical and trabecular bone from the left distal forearm.

The amount of mineralized cortical and trabecular bone from various sites was compared by linear regression analysis. The results confirm iliac crest biopsy as a good predictor of the amount of trabecular bone, but not of cortical bone. Furthermore, iliac crest biopsy is a better estimate of the amount of trabecular bone in the lumbar spine than spinal BMD.  相似文献   

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We have studied the physical interaction between macrophages and lymphocytes during the immune response to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) in vitro. Mixtures of peritoneal macrophages and lymph node lymphocytes from guinea pigs immunized with tubercle bacilli formed cell clusters during 20 h of culture with PPD. The number of clusters produced was correlated to the number of immune lymphocytes in the cultures. Peritoneal macrophages which had been pulsed with PPD and untreated lymph node lymphocytes produced cell clusters in the absence of free PPD in numbers equivalent to those produced by the same cells in the presence of free PPD. In cultures containing a mixture of PPD-pulsed macrophages, not-pulsed macrophages, and immune lymphocytes with no free PPD, cell clusters developed mainly between the antigen-pulsed macrophages and lymphocytes. Cluster formation was antigen-specific with the specificity residing in the lymphocytes, mainly or exclusively in the T lymphocytes. These data indicate that in the process of cell cluster formation macrophages serve as antigen-binding (or -processing) cells, while a subpopulation of lymphocytes interact physically and specifically with the macrophages.  相似文献   
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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish the intraobserver and interobserver variability in the assessment of histologic type (tubular, villous, and tubulovillous) and grade of cytologic dysplasia (mild, moderate, and severe) in colorectal adenomas. METHODS: One hundred eighty-seven slides of adenomas were assessed twice by three experienced pathologists, with an interval of two months. Results were analyzed using kappa statistics. RESULTS: For agreement between first and second assessment (both type and grade of dysplasia), kappa values for the three specialists were 0.5345, 0.9022, and 0.4100, respectively. Agreement was better for type than for dysplasia. The strength of agreement was moderate for Observers A and C and almost perfect for Observer B. Agreement between all three observers was seen in 35.2 percent for both type and dysplasia in 61 percent for type and in 47.8 percent for dysplasia. The kappa values for Observer A vs. B and Observer C vs. B were 0.3480 and 0.3770, respectively (both type and dysplasia). Values for type were better than for dysplasia, but agreement was only fair to moderate. CONCLUSION: The interobserver agreement was moderate to almost perfect, but the intraobserver agreement was only fair to moderate. A simpler classification system or a centralization of assessments would probably increase kappa values.Supported by grants from the Danish Cancer Society, Danish Medical Research Council (Grant 12-6355), Thomas Bartholin's Fund, Gundelach Meller's Fund, and Emmy Lange, born Kramp's Fund.  相似文献   
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Immunohistochemistry for the expression of the proliferation markersproliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 wasstudied in 16 non recurring meningiomas, 11 meningiomasrecurring as benign tumors, 6 recurring as atypicalmeningiomas and in 9 recurring as malignant meningiomas.Non recurring meningiomas were defined in this studyas tumors without recurrence at least 8 yearsafter surgery. In addition 16 benign recurrences, 14atypical- and 12 malignant meningiomas were studied. Ineach group great variation of labeling indices (LI)= per cent of tumor cells labeled wasobserved, especially of PCNA LIs. The non recurringmeningiomas displayed lower mean LI for PCNA andKi-67 than did the recurring meningiomas of allgroups but the differences were not statistically significant.The same pattern was seen when totally resectedtumors were studied alone. Benign-, atypical-, and malignantmeningiomas had labeling indices that were related tothe grade of malignancy. Only PCNA LIs ofatypical- and malignant meningiomas were statistically significantly higherthan PCNA LIs of non recurring meningiomas. Thestudy indicates that PCNA and Ki-67 are ofminor value as predictors of recurrence of benignmeningiomas.  相似文献   
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Macrophage-lymphocyte clusters are formed when lymph node cells and autologous peritoneal exudate cells from guinea pigs immunized with tubercle bacilli are cultured in the presence of purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) for 20 h. We have studied the ultrastructure of these clusters employing transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The most simple macrophage-lymphocyte cluster consisted of one macrophage, one large central lymphocyte with a blastoid appearance attached to the macrophage with a broad area of contact, and from a few to more than 20 small peripheral lymphocytes attached to the central lymphocyte by their uropods. Some clusters were of more complex type, containing two or three macrophages or one macrophage with more than one central lymphocyte attached to the surface, but even in these clusters each peripheral lymphocyte was attached only to one central lymphocyte. By morphological criteria the peripheral lymphocytes were T lymphocytes.  相似文献   
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Assertive community treatment (ACT) case managers provide healthcare services to people with severe and persistent mental illness. These case managers take on generic roles in multidisciplinary teams and provide all‐around services in the clients’ private homes. This focus group study aimed to gain insight into Danish ACT case managers’ professional identity work by examining their discussions of ethical dilemmas and collaboration in their everyday practice. Data were collected during five focus groups at three ACT teams in the North Denmark Region and subjected to discourse analysis emphasizing how identity work was accomplished through talk. The findings indicated that the case managers constructed professional identities by actively positioning themselves and the particular ACT approach in relation to other mental healthcare professionals and clients. They represented themselves as achieving better client‐related outcomes by being more assertive and persistent, and as responsible caregivers who provided the help that their clients needed when other services had failed to do so. They depicted their services as being focused on the clients’ well‐being, and their persistent efforts to establish and sustain interpersonal relationships with clients were an important part of their service. Basic nursing tasks were described as an important part of their everyday work, and even though such tasks were not distinctive for ACT case managers, the representations of their work seemed to give them a sense of worth as professionals and legitimized a unique role in the community mental healthcare services.  相似文献   
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We hypothesized that Wilms tumour 1 gene ( WT1 ) expression levels in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients might have predictive value and reveal molecular relapse kinetics. WT1 level was determined at diagnosis, during therapy and post-therapy follow-up in 89 patients who reached first complete remission (CR1) (952 samples, median 8 samples/patient, range 2–38). CR1 bone marrow (BM) WT1 level above normal (based on 39 healthy donors) was an independent adverse prognostic factor regarding both disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) 4·46, P  =   0·001] and overall survival (HR 2·62, P  =   0·019). By grouping 34 BM and 99 peripheral blood (PB) complete remission samples in monthly intervals prior to clinical relapse, disease development was delineated and a simple mathematical model constructed, that allowed for the prediction of relapse detection rates (RDRs) as well as median times [tms] from WT1 positivity to clinical relapse. BM sampling was required to obtain RDRs above 93% and tms above 67 d. Acceptable RDRs and tms (81% and 44 d, respectively) could be acquired by bimonthly PB sampling. In conclusion, CR1 WT1 expression is an independent prognostic factor in AML. According to our model, BM is superior for relapse prediction, but PB samples are useful when shorter sampling intervals are possible.  相似文献   
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