Is rotation the mode of failure in pertrochanteric fractures fixed with nails? Theoretical approach and illustrative cases

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology - The present article reviews data from biomechanical and clinical studies which indicate that rotational instability can cause failure of...     

Expression of cyclins D1, D3 and p27 in thymic epithelial tumors

In this study, the expression of cyclins D1 and D3, as well as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 in thymic epithelial tumors (thymomas) is examined. Histological specimens from 24 patients (11 males and 13 females) were submitted to classification according to WHO criteria. Staining for cyclins D1, D3 and p27 was applied and evaluation was performed for expression of D1, D3 and p27. Eighteen patients presented low-grade thymomas (nine B1, predominantly cortical; three B2, cortical; six B3, well-differentiated thymic carcinoma) and six patients benign thymomas (four A-medullary, two AB-mixed). The p27 expression in patients with benign thymomas was 42+/-26%, whereas in patients with low-grade thymoma, it was 11+/-13%. The expression of cyclins D1 and D3 was 2.8+/-2.7 and 10+/-6% for benign as well as 8.3+/-9.6 and 12+/-10% for low-grade thymomas, respectively. A statistically significant difference was revealed regarding the p27 expression through different grades (analysis of variance P-value 0.00076) and histopathological types of thymomas (P=0.0047). This finding of greater p27 expression in benign thymomas with progressive reduction in higher grades is compatible with observations on other soft tissue and solid tumors suggesting that p27 level decreases during tumor development and progression.     

Unilateral pulmonary oedema due to lung re-expansion following pleurocentesis for spontaneous pneumothorax. The role of non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation

Re-expansion pulmonary oedema represents a rare complication of treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax with only a few cases documented in the current literature. We present the case of a 47-year-old male who presented a right-sided spontaneous pneumothorax and developed respiratory failure after chest tube drainage. The diagnosis of re-expansion pulmonary oedema was made and he was successfully treated with non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation. Since pathogenesis of re-expansion unilateral pulmonary oedema differs significantly from that of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, the role of non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation is discussed as an additional therapeutic option.     

Evaluation of the efficacy of the Allegretto Wave and the Wavefront-optimized ablation profile in non-anterior astigmatisms

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of the Allegretto Wave and the wavefront-optimized ablation profile (WFO) in non-anterior astigmatism correction, in both LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) treatments. Methods: Seventy-four refractive surgery candidates were recruited prospectively in a non-randomized trial. Only one eye from each candidate was randomly enrolled in the study. Of them, 40 eyes underwent LASIK treatment (LG group), while 34 eyes underwent PRK treatment (PG group). Preoperatively, the ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) was calculated for each eye, according to which each astigmatism fault was characterized as primarily anterior or non-anterior. Twenty LG eyes and 16 PG eyes presented primarily anterior astigmatism (LG-A and PG-A subgroups, respectively), while 20 LG eyes and 18 PG eyes demonstrated primarily non-anterior astigmatism (LG-NA and PG-NA subgroups, respectively). Postoperatively, vector analysis of astigmatism correction was conducted. The following indexes were calculated: (i) correction index (CI), (ii) difference vector (DV) and (iii) index of success (IOS). Results: Preoperatively, mean differences between manifest and topographic astigmatisms for the LG and the PG subgroups were significant (p:0.006 and p?相似文献