鄱阳湖区实施"麋鹿回家计划"对血吸虫病传播影响的调查

目的　了解放归鄱阳湖区的麋鹿血吸虫感染情况,评价“麋鹿放归野外自然繁衍生长计划”（“麋鹿回家计划”）对鄱阳湖区血吸虫病传播的影响。方法　采用GPS项圈定位、人工跟踪观察等方法,于2018年4月-2019年12月调查放归鄱阳湖区麋鹿的种群分布、栖息活动和自然增殖等情况,采用塑料杯顶管孵化法检测麋鹿栖息地动物野粪血吸虫感染情况,采取系统抽样法对麋鹿栖息地草洲进行钉螺分布调查。结果　2018年,共有51头麋鹿放归鄱阳湖区,形成了银宝湖、龙口、南池湖、莲子湖和珠湖等5个麋鹿栖息地,栖息环境主要为鄱阳湖区草洲、圩内农田和山丘林地等。对银宝湖麋鹿栖息地调查显示,至2019年该地麋鹿自然增殖率为25.0%,平均钉螺密度为0.009 ~ 0.039只/0.1 m2,未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺;麋鹿和牛粪平均密度分别为4.6份/hm2和2.1份/hm2,血吸虫阳性率分别为4.35%和13.16%（P ＝ 0.236）,感染强度分别为“+++”和“+”。结论　放归鄱阳湖区的麋鹿可感染血吸虫,并可通过粪便对草洲污染而引起血吸虫病传播扩散。应积极探索麋鹿放归湖区后对当地血吸虫病传播的影响和应对策略,确保鄱阳湖区消除血吸虫病目标的实现和“麋鹿回家计划”的顺利实施。     

江西省土源性线虫病流行趋势分析

目的分析1989-2014年江西省人群土源性线虫病流行现状和变化趋势,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法对1989、2002年和2014年3次全国人体寄生虫病抽样调查的江西省调查数据和资料进行归类分析,调查时采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查土源性线虫感染情况。结果江西省人群的土源性线虫感染率由1989年的77.67%下降至2014年的6.30%,下降了91.89%,其中蛔虫感染率从71.11%下降到0.87%,下降率为98.78%;鞭虫感染率由29.67%下降至0.95%,下降率为96.80%;钩虫感染率由17.63%下降到4.66%,下降率为73.57%。3次调查土源性线虫女性感染率均高于男性,除2002年和2014年浙闽生态区外,其它生态区土源性线虫女性均高于男性。3次调查各年龄组人群土源性线虫感染率均出现下降的趋势,但随年龄组增大呈下降趋缓现象,10岁年龄组下降率为97.03%,70岁年龄组下降率为80.62%。2014年土源性线虫感染人数占肠道寄生虫感染人数的65.4%。结论江西省各生态区人群土源性线虫平均感染率均呈显著下降趋势,但仍然是肠道寄生虫感染的主要虫种。土源性线虫感染的优势虫种排序已由1989年蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫转换为2014年钩虫、鞭虫和蛔虫。农村女性和高年龄组人群是目前土源性线虫病防治工作的重点人群,钩虫是防治的重点虫种。     

高脂高糖、饮酒建立家兔脂肪肝模型及超声量化诊断

目的:模拟人类不良饮食结构建立家兔不同程度脂肪肝模型,进行肝脏背向散射积分 (integrated backscatter,IBS)和图像灰阶平均强度(gray scale,GS)测定,并结合临床研究,探讨具有病理基础的脂肪肝无创性超声量化诊断标准．方法:选用纯种新西兰家兔40只,采用高脂高糖饲料及乙醇饮料建立不同程度脂肪肝模型三组(每组n=10),设立对照组(n=10):临床病例同步进行肝组织病理学及超声检测．病理组织学检测采用苏丹Ⅳ,HE和Masson三色染色:应用HP Sonos 5500超声诊断仪实时检测肝脏IBS,包括图像平均强度(average image intensity,AII)、峰-峰强度及图像强度标准差; 采用Photo shop 7．0直方图分析超声图像GS．所得数据采用SAS8．2进行统计学分析．结果:肝脏AII随脂肪变加重呈递增趋势,正常肝<轻度脂肪肝<中度脂肪肝<重度脂肪肝,尤以近区各组间差异显著(P<0．0001);同等程度肝脂肪变AII随炎症的发生而增大．临床研究显示,IBS对脂肪肝诊断率及与病理组织学符合率(85．7％)较常规超声检测(57．1％) 明显增高,重度脂肪肝AII显著高于轻度脂肪肝(P<0．0001,0．001或0．05)．肝脏GS与AII相关,于肝左、右叶近区二者随病变加重呈一致性增高趋势(r1=0．442 21,P1=0．0012:r2= 0．335 73,P2=0．0160)．中重度脂肪肝伴炎症 GS显著高于正常肝及轻度脂肪肝(P<0．05)．结论:高营养及乙醇联合喂养家兔可快速建立不同程度脂肪性肝病模型;肝脏超声IBS及 GS强度可反映肝脂肪变、炎症和纤维化的病变程度,为脂肪肝无创性量化诊断提供可靠依据．     

动员自体骨髓干细胞对急性心肌缺血大鼠心功能的影响

目的:探讨联合应用粒细胞集落刺激因子(G CSF) 和干细胞因子(SCF)自体动员心肌梗死大鼠的骨髓干细胞对 心功能的影响及其可能机制.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠经结扎 冠状动脉前降支制作心梗模型后分为2组.①动员组:皮下 注射rhG CSF20μg/kg,2次/d,rh SCF200μg/kg,2次/d,共 6d;②对照组:皮下注射等量生理盐水,2次/d,共6d.28d 后测定大鼠心率(HR)、左室缩-舒压差(LVEDP)、左室等容 收缩/舒张期压力上升和下降最大速率(±LVdp/dtmax),通过 伊文蓝-TTC染色方法观察心肌梗死范围的变化.结果: ①动员组左室缩-舒压差[(22.1±0.7)kPa]高于对照组 [(20.9±0.9)kPa],左室压上升/下降最大速率[(590±15) kPa/s和(440±18)kPa/s]高于对照组[(567±18)kPa/s和 (407±20)kPa/s],均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);②动员组 的缺血范围和心肌梗死的范围[(41±7)%和(43±6)%]比     

端粒酶逆转录酶启动子调控的肿瘤增殖腺病毒CNHK300对肝癌细胞的杀伤作用

目的观察端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)启动子调控的肿瘤增殖腺病毒CNHK300对肝癌细胞的杀伤作用。方法采用Western印迹检测了腺病毒E1A在细胞中的表达;通过病毒增殖实验和细胞生长抑制实验,验证CNHK300选择性复制和杀伤能力,并与ONYX-015(E1B55000蛋白缺失的2型和5型嵌和型腺病毒)和wtAd5(野生型腺病毒)进行比较;用携带绿色荧光蛋白的CNHK300-EGFP感染BJ和Hep3B,直观的观察其增殖过程。结果CNHK300病毒48h在Hep3B和HepGⅡ中的增殖倍数分别为40625和65326倍,与wtAd5增殖能力相近,较ONYX-015强几倍至十几倍。在BJ正常成纤维细胞中CNHK300病毒增殖能力减弱,CNHK300病毒48h增殖倍数为180倍,而wtAd5增殖能力仍可高达4000倍。CNHK300在MOI 0．5集落形成单位／细胞以下就可以有效地杀伤肝癌细胞,MOI 0．002集落形成单位／细胞时就可以杀伤半数Uep3B细胞,较ONYX-015具有更强的肿瘤杀伤能力。CNHK300对正常成纤维细胞的杀伤力明显弱于wtAd5,CNHK300在MOI100集落形成单位／细胞时BJ细胞存活率近50％。结论肿瘤选择性增殖腺病毒CNHK300可选择性地在端粒酶阳性的肝癌细胞中复制,并产生溶瘤作用,在正常细胞中复制能力和杀伤能力明显减弱,且无论选择性和杀伤能力均优于ONYX-015。     

Decreased testicular expression of cAMP response element modulator (CREM) in rat with varicocele

This study examines the hypothesis that varicocele would impair the testicular expression of cAMP response element modulator (CREM) in experimental rats. Thirty (30) rats were selected at random, of 20 were operated as varicocele's group; of 10 were for sham-operation as controlled group, testes were removed, fixed and stained in three months. Makler Score was adopted to analyze the bore, limitan's thickness, layer number of cell, the degree of cell's maturity and average score in 200 and 100 seminiferous tubulae, respectively. CREM, HSP60 was determinated by hybridization in situ, the difference between two groups were compared. In varicocele group, seminiferous tubule's bore was decreased (101 +/- 2.2) vs 146 +/- 4.1), limitan became thicker (3.5 +/- 0.1 vs 1.9 +/- 0.2), cell's layer number was reduced (3.0 +/- 0.2 vs 5.5 +/- 0.1), cell's maturity turned to disturbance (3.6 +/- 0.3 vs 4.9 +/- 0.1), the average score was lower than controlled group (8.5 +/- 0.6 vs 16.0 +/- 1.2), they had significant differences (P < 0.001). The testicular CREM expression was significantly lower in varicocele group than in controlled one (VG2.0 +/- 0.32, SoG3.90 +/- 0.32) (p < 0.001), which was located in spermatogenous cell to spermatocyte stage. However, HSP60 expression in VG was higher than in SoG (3.85 +/- 0.3 versus 2.1 +/- 0.32) with significant differences (P < 0.001), the expression located in spermatid. Varicocele could lead to lower testicular CREM expression and breeding sperm functional lesion.     

部分离体动物组织复阻抗频率特性(100 Hz～10 MHz)测量系统及初步测量结果

生物组织电阻抗由实部和虚部构成,且其实、虚部都随电流频率的变化而变化,我们建立了一种基于四电极法的离休生物组织复电阻抗测量系统,用以测量分析生物组织的复电阻抗频率特性,测量了犬和兔部分离体组织的复阻抗（实部、虚部）随驱动电流频率（从100Hz～10MHz）而变化的特性．对初步测量结果进行了分析、讨论,并计算了相关复阻抗频率特性参数．     

Comparison of regularization methods for human cardiac diffusion tensor MRI

Diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) is an imaging technique that is gaining importance in clinical applications. However, there is very little work concerning the human heart. When applying DT-MRI to in vivo human hearts, the data have to be acquired rapidly to minimize artefacts due to cardiac and respiratory motion and to improve patient comfort, often at the expense of image quality. This results in diffusion weighted (DW) images corrupted by noise, which can have a significant impact on the shape and orientation of tensors and leads to diffusion tensor (DT) datasets that are not suitable for fibre tracking. This paper compares regularization approaches that operate either on diffusion weighted images or on diffusion tensors. Experiments on synthetic data show that, for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the methods operating on DW images produce the best results; they substantially reduce noise error propagation throughout the diffusion calculations. However, when the SNR is low, Rician Cholesky and Log-Euclidean DT regularization methods handle the bias introduced by Rician noise and ensure symmetry and positive definiteness of the tensors. Results based on a set of sixteen ex vivo human hearts show that the different regularization methods tend to provide equivalent results.