右心瓣膜替换术

本文报告28例右心瓣膜替换术,其中三尖瓣替换(TVR)24例,肺动脉瓣替换(PVR)4例。手术死亡6例,均为TVR病例,死亡率21.4%,死亡与术前心功能差有关。远期随诊2～72个月,除了TVR用机械瓣的患者2例中1例瓣失灵再次手术,1例抗凝过量出血外,余无并发症发生。作者认为,右心瓣膜若需手术,则尽量施行成形术;如病变严重必须换瓣,则首选包括同种瓣在内的生物瓣。     

右外侧剖胸法体外循环下心脏畸形直视手术37例报告

目的：介绍经右外侧剖胸体外循环下心脏直视手术的经验。方法：１９９４年１０月至１９９５年５月，经右外侧第４肋间剖胸，体外循环下修补心房间隔缺损１６例；心室间隔缺损１８例（１例并发永存左上腔静脉入冠状静脉窦）；心房、心室间隔缺损，心房间隔缺损并发部分型肺静脉畸形引流和法乐四联症各１例。平均年龄４．２０±１．６５岁（８个月～８岁）；平均体重１４．８５±３．８４（８～２６）ｋｇ。结果：本组病例无手术死亡及并发症。结论：这种切口可安全有效地替代正中切口纠正一些较简单的心脏畸形，其美观效果明显优于正中或双乳腺下的皮肤切口。     

五个月至五岁患儿法乐四联症根治术175例报告

１９９２年１２月至１９９４年５月，共为１７５例５个月至５岁的患儿在深低温、低流量体外循环下行法乐四联症根治术，平均年龄２．９９±１．４９岁；平均体重１１．９０±２．８４（７～１９）ｋｇ。其中６１例（３４。７％）跨肺动脉瓣环补片加宽右室流出道，其中５３例至左右肺动脉分叉处或左肺动脉起始部，５例应用液氮保存的同种带瓣升主动脉（４例取自新生儿，１例取自成人），手术证实７１例（４３．０％）并发其它畸形。手术死亡２例，死亡率１．１％。死亡原因为灌注肺及心包填塞各１例。我院在本组病例手术期间，凡确诊法乐四联症患儿均予手术根治，手术指征有进一步放宽趋势，手术死亡率却明显降低，这与畸形纠正满意，注意围术期的心、肺保护以及加强术后处理有关。     

康斯特保护液对未成熟心肌保护效果的临床观察

目的探讨康斯特保护液(HTK液)在婴幼儿心内直视手术中心肌的保护作用。方法36例择期行心内直视手术的婴幼儿随机分为两组。实验组灌注HTK液,对照组灌注ST.Thom as液。两组分别于阻断升主动脉前,开放升主动脉后3 m in由冠状静脉窦取血,行肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),心肌肌钙蛋白(cT-nI)检测。开放升主动脉前自右室流出道取心肌组织0.3 cm×0.3 cm两块,行超微结构观察。结果血清CK-MB、LDH和cTnI浓度变化:开放升主动脉后较缺血前两组均明显升高。心肌结构改变:对照组可见心肌细胞水肿,片状肌浆凝聚,心肌纤维呈波纹状改变,线粒体轻度肿胀,部分嵴断裂,空泡形成。实验组超微结构改变较对照组轻。结论HTK心脏停搏液对未成熟心肌有良好的保护作用。可减轻心肌细胞及间质水肿,肌原纤维结构破坏轻,线粒体损伤轻。单次灌注避免多次灌注所致的心肌细胞水肿和冠脉血管内皮的损伤。     

Total cavopulmonary connection with off-pump technique

The aim of this study was to evaluate an off-pump technique for total cavopulmonary connection. Between May 2000 and June 2004, 16 patients underwent total cavopulmonary connection without cardiopulmonary bypass. There were 8 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 9.8 +/- 6.2 years and a mean weight of 27.7 +/- 14.9 kg. Preoperative percutaneous oxygen saturation was 75% +/- 6%, and pulmonary arterial pressure was 12.6 +/- 2.7 mm Hg. Postoperative outcomes were retrospectively compared with a group of 17 patients who underwent total cavopulmonary connection with an extracardiac conduit under cardiopulmonary bypass. Two patients died early postoperatively. Chylothorax occurred in 2 patients and 3 underwent reoperation for fenestration between the extracardiac conduit and the right atrium in the early postoperative period. All survivors were acyanotic. On discharge from hospital, the percutaneous oxygen saturation breathing air was 95% +/- 3%. Patients in the off-pump group demonstrated significantly shorter extubation time and intensive care unit stay. This connection technique is easy to perform and helpful in the early management of patients with a functional univentricular heart. However, much remains to be learned about this unique physiologic system.     

—侧肺动脉起源于升主动脉

我院收治3例一侧肺动脉起源于升主动脉的病例,术前均误诊为单纯室间隔缺损或动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压。其中第1例术中心外探查发现左肺动脉起源异常,因当时诊断不甚明确而未行根治术,之后经造影证实为左肺动脉起源于升主动脉合并室间隔缺损。半年后,因肺炎心力衰竭死亡。另外2例术中心外探查诊断为右肺动脉起源于升主动脉,经施行右肺动脉重建术及心内畸形矫治术后,恢复良好出院。本文报告这3例的临床资料,并对其诊断和手术方法作一些讨论。     

婴幼儿法乐四联症肺组织病理学与一期根治术中右心室流出道重建方法的关系

目的分析要幼儿法乐四联症肺细小动脉和肺泡的病理学改变与一期根治术右室流出道重建方法的关系。方法肺病理标本取自16例8—36个月,体重8-16kg,行一期根治手术的法乐四联症（TOF）患儿和5例4-18个月非心、肺源性疾病死亡的对照组婴幼儿。TOF患儿加宽右心室流出道的方法包括瓣环交界切开、跨肺动脉瓣环补片和同种带瓣血管作为外通道连接右心室．肺动脉。术中测量中心肺动脉直径。形态半定量测量肺细小动脉平均中膜厚度百分比（MT％）、平均中膜面积百分比（MS％）、单位面积肺细小动脉数目（APSC）、单位面积肺泡数（MAN）、平均肺泡内衬间隔（MLI）、肺实质占同切片肺总面积比例（PPA％）和单位面积肺泡数／肺细小动脉数（AAR）。结果TOF组的MT％、MS％和APSC降低,MLI和AAR增高,与对照组比较差异有显著性（P均〈0．05）。单纯肺动脉瓣交界切开、跨肺动脉瓣环心包补片、跨肺动脉瓣环同种带单瓣大动脉血管片（包括1例同种带瓣外通道）3种方法的APSC依次降低,与相应的主肺动脉及左、右肺动脉变化一致,APSC与右肺动脉直径呈正相关（r=0．754,P=0．001）。结论要幼儿法乐氏四联征肺血流减少导致肺细小动脉和肺泡发育异常。根据肺门外肺动脉的发育程度选择右室流出道的重建方法可行。     

丝裂霉素C在LASEK术矫治中高度近视中的应用

目的:探讨在LASEK治疗中、高度近视术中使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素C预防haze的安全性和有效性。方法:将近视患者120例240眼按左、右眼分为两组,右眼为实验组,左眼为对照组,实验组在完成激光切削后,一次性使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素C液,对照组不用任何药物,术后定期随访角膜刺激症状、角膜上皮生长情况、术后视力、haze等情况。结果:术后1,3,6mo两组术后的刺激症状及角膜上皮愈合时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在0级haze中,术后1mo实验组有105眼(87.5%),对照组有62眼(51.7%);术后3mo,实验组有80眼(66.7%),对照组有39眼(32.5%);术后6mo,实验组有96眼(80.0%),对照组有68眼(56.7%),两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6mo,实验组有91眼(75.8%)的视力大于或等于1.0,对照组有51眼(42.5%)的视力大于或等于1.0,两组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在LASEK术中使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素C可减轻haze的发生,且安全有效,无明显的毒副作用。     

Substitution urethroplasty of complex and long-segment urethral strictures: a rationale for procedure selection

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the applications and outcomes of substitution urethroplasty, using a variety of techniques, in 65 patients with complex, long-segment urethral strictures. METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2005, 65 patients with complex urethral strictures >8cm in length underwent substitution urethroplasty. Of the 65 patients, 43 underwent one-stage urethral reconstruction using mucosal grafts (28 colonic mucosal graft, 12 buccal mucosal graft, and 3 bladder mucosal graft), 17 patients underwent one-stage urethroplasty using pedicle flaps, and 5 patients underwent staged Johanson's urethroplasty. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 4.8 yr (range; 0.8-10 yr), with an overall success rate of 76.92% (50 of 65 cases). Complications developed in 15 patients (23.08%) and included recurrent stricture in 7 (10.77%), urethrocutaneous fistula in 3 (4.62%), coloabdominal fistula in 1 (1.54%), penile chordee in 2 (3.08%), and urethral pseudodiverticulum in 2 (3.08%). Recurrent strictures and urethral pseudodiverticulum were treated successfully with a subsequent procedure, including repeat urethroplasty in six cases and urethrotomy or dilation in three. Coloabdominal fistula was corrected only by dressing change; five patients await further reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Penile skin, colonic mucosal, and buccal mucosal grafts are excellent materials for substitution urethroplasty. Colonic mucosal graft urethroplasty is a feasible procedure for complicated urethral strictures involving the entire or multiple portions of the urethra and the technique may also be considered for urethral reconstruction in patients in whom other conventional procedures failed.