Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in school children: parent report and urine cotinine measures

BACKGROUND: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home continues to be a major health risk for children around the world. Measuring ETS is a central feature of clinical and epidemiological studies, with children's exposure often assessed through parental estimates. The authors examined the relationship between parent-reported estimates of children's exposure to ETS and children's urinary cotinine levels and evaluated the ETS exposure and its effect on respiratory health in children. METHODS: A total of 188 school children were included in the study. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire about their smoking habits, their children's respiratory morbidity status and housing conditions. Urinary cotinine levels were measured in children. RESULTS: According to the responses, 72.3% of the children came from households with smokers, and 34.6% had daily exposure to ETS. When urine cotinine levels of >10 ng/mL were used as the yardstick of exposure, 76% of the children were identified as ETS exposed. No relation was detected between the symptoms of respiratory tract diseases and ETS exposure. To determine the amount of ETS exposure, the contribution of parental reports was low. CONCLUSION: To evaluate the level of ETS exposure of children, the parents' reports were not reliable. The addition of a biological measure results in a more informative estimate of ETS exposure in children.     

密度梯度离心法优选精液22周期宫腔内人工授精的临床分析

目的 探讨密度梯度离心法优选精液行IUI的临床疗效.方法 采用密度梯度离心法制备精液行IUI 22个周期,并对制备前后的精液进行常规分析、改良巴氏染色、混合抗球蛋白反应实验.结果 洗涤后的精子,其密度、活力、精子正常形态比率明显升高,精子畸形指数及精子包被抗体阳性率明显下降.结论 密度梯度离心法优选精液行IUI可增加受孕机率.     

Effect of valproate and carbamazepine on visual evoked potentials in epileptic children

The effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and sodium valproate (SV) monotherapy on visual evoked potentials (VEP) were studied in 18 epileptic children receiving CBZ and nine epileptic children receiving SV. Pattern reversal VEP were determined before the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AED) and 1 year later during which time the patients had received AED. The VEP amplitude showed no consistent changes after 1 year of CBZ and SV therapy, but VEP P-100 latencies were significantly prolonged after 1 year of CBZ therapy. We conclude that CBZ causes a slowing down of central impulse conduction and that VEP is useful to evaluate the effects of AED within the central nervous system.     

不同组织类型和分化程度膀胱肿瘤组织c—met的表达差异

目的：探讨不同分化程度和组织学类型的膀胱肿瘤组织c—met表达水平的差异。方法：免疫组织化学法测定33例不同分化程度和组织学类型的膀胱肿瘤组织中c-met的表达水平。结果：移行上皮细胞癌、鳞癌和腺癌组阳性率分别为80．0％、42．8％、33．3％，移行细胞癌组织c-met的表达明显高于鳞癌和腺癌（P〈0.05）；高分化、中分化和低分化组患者阳性率分别为66．7％、53．8％、72．7％，高、中、低不同分化组中c—met的表达水平无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：c—met在移行上皮细胞癌膀胱癌患者组织表达明显增高，但与肿瘤分化程度无关。     

高能聚焦超声治疗良性前列腺增生的临床研究

目的评价高能超声体外聚焦治疗前列腺增生的有效性和安全性。方法应用FEP-BY01型热疗机治疗前列腺增生患者47例，治疗后定期随访观察患者IPSS和QOL残余尿及前列腺超声影像学变化。结果47例前列腺增生患者治疗后平均随访24个月，IPSS由术前（28．6±3．7）分降到术后（9．80±2．87）分，QOL由术前（5．6±1．3）分降到术后（2．0±0．8）分，治疗前残余尿由大于50ml甚至尿潴留，治疗后多数降到小于30ml，甚无残余尿，有效40例，无效7例，总有效率达85．1％。其临床症状及国际IPSS评分和QOL评估及残余尿情况均达到满意的效果。结论高能超声体外聚焦热疗在治疗前列腺增生疾病中安全有效，可以作为一种无创伤、无痛苦、治疗前列腺增生疾病的新方法。     

VATS下单操作孔法治疗自发性气胸

目的探讨单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术（single-port VATS）治疗肺部疾病的手术操作方法和临床应用价值。方法 2010-01～2012-01我科采用单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术（观察组）和前外侧肋间小切口（对照组）治疗自发性气胸,其中单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术（观察组）24例,切口为一个操作孔和一个观察孔,术后放32号引流管1根。前外侧肋间小切口（对照组）22例,取前外侧第4或第5肋间10～15 cm小切口。结果局部切除病变平均手术时间35（30～60）min,平均出血量45（15～60）ml,未输血,术后平均住院时间7.8（7～10）d。全组患者术中平稳,无严重并发症。结论单操作孔电视胸腔镜技术治疗自发性气胸具有很强的适应症。     

TRAIL、Ki-67蛋白在人骨肉瘤中表达及其与肿瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的关系

目的:通过观察TRAIL、Ki-67在人骨肉瘤组织中的表达规律及其相互关系,探讨二者与骨肉瘤细胞增殖、凋亡的相关性.方法:用免疫组织化学方化法检测TRAIL、Ki-67蛋白在骨肉瘤及骨软骨瘤中的表达,用TUNEL方法通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测骨肉瘤及骨软骨瘤组织中的细胞凋亡分布情况并计算增殖和凋亡指数.结果:骨肉瘤组织TRAIL蛋白表达强度低于骨软骨瘤(t=-5.51,P＜0.05);而Ki-67蛋白表达高于骨软骨瘤(t=17.69,P＜0.05).TRAIL和Ki-67在骨肉瘤中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.8444,P＜0.01).骨肉瘤中细胞凋亡指数(AI)显著低于骨软骨瘤(P＜0.01);而增殖指数(PI)显著高于骨软骨瘤(P＜0.01).骨肉瘤中Ki-67蛋白表达与细胞凋亡指数之间呈负相关(r=-0.562 2,P＜0.01);而TRAIL蛋白表达与细胞凋亡指数呈正相关(r=0.6350,19<0.01),而与增殖指数呈负相关(r=-0.553 0,19<0.01).结论:TRAIL参与细胞凋亡的调控,可能是诱导骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的分子基础之一;Ki-67在肿瘤细胞的增殖与凋亡中具有重要作用,骨肉瘤组织中Ki-67明显过表达,而TRAIL蛋白表达明显下调,表明两者在骨肉瘤的发生、发展中起拮抗作用.如能抑制Ki-67的表达,促进TRAIL的表达,有可能提高骨肉瘤细胞的凋亡敏感性.