AMPK在妊娠期糖尿病发病机制中的作用

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶是一种重要的蛋白激酶,主要作用是协调代谢和能量平衡.腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶被激活后,在增加骨骼肌对葡萄糖摄取、增强胰岛素敏感性、增加脂肪酸氧化以及调节基因转录等方面发挥重要作用.已经证实脂联素有调节糖脂代谢的作用,但其作用机制尚不十分清楚,很可能是通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶介导,对脂联素信号转导通路的研究将成为进一步理解脂联素作用的关键所在.而脂联素又是妊娠期糖尿病的预测因子,所以腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶逐渐成为对妊娠期糖尿病研究中的焦点.     

The use of biochemical fingerprinting, phage typing and antimicrobial-susceptibility testing in the detection of epidemic strains of Salmonella of serotype Typhimurium in Iran.

A collection of 86 strains of Salmonella of serotype Typhimurium isolated from children with gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran was examined for biochemical phenotype, phage type and antibiotic-resistance pattern. Twenty-seven biochemical phenotypes (BPTs), 14 discrete phage types (PTs) and 18 resistotypes (RTs) were identified. Fifty-three strains (62%) belonged to two major and probably related BPTs, whereas the other 33 isolates belonged to less common BPTs. The two predominant BPTs contained 26 strains of the same PT and 23 strains of the same RT. Different PTs and RTs of strains with similar BPT were sometimes observed, possibly reflecting antibiotic pressures in Iran. These results suggest that two major "clones" of Typhimurium strains are particularly common in Iran and, although each method alone adequately detected these and other less common "clones", biochemical fingerprinting provided additional information about relationships among strains.     

Histamine and cyclic AMP in isolated canine parietal cells.

The relationship between cyclic AMP production and the response of isolated canine parietal cells to histamine has been examined. Histamine increased cyclic AMP generation, and this effect correlated with histamine stimulation of oxygen consumption and aminopyrine accumulation. Metiamide inhibited histamine-stimulated cyclic AMP generation and oxygen consumption in a parallel fashion. At concentrations below 100 microM, isobutyl AMP production and oxygen consumption in a similar fashion. However, with IMX above 100 microM, histamine caused no further increases in oxygen consumption, despite markedly enhanced cyclic AMP generation. Neither carbachol nor gastrin increased cyclic AMP production beyond that produced by IMX alone, and the combinations of histamine and carbachol and of histamine and gastrin produced no greater cyclic AMP generation than produced by histamine. These findings support a close relationship between cyclic AMP production and the action of histamine but not of carbachol or gastrin on isolated parietal cells. The mechanisms underlying the potentiating interactions between histamine, carbachol, and gastrin involve step(s) beyond stimulation of cyclic AMP generation.     

藏汉民族线粒体基因组全序列的比较研究

目的 以藏汉民族线粒体基因组全序列为基础,进行Haplogroup构建和系统发生分析,在全序列水平上比较核苷酸的变异,阐释可能的变异机制和蕴含的生物学意义.方法 采用Applied Biosystems 3730DNA自动测序仪分别对40名藏族和50名汉族的标本进行线粒体DNA序列测定,应用phredPhrap 16.0软件进行全序列拼接,并以rCRS(revised Cambridge Reference Sequence)为标准与测定序列进行比对分析;根据MTTO-MAP的标准,通过Network方法进行Haplogroup构建和系统发生的分析,并结合其它方法对产生的数据进行深入解读.结果 数据分析结果显示:在系统发生上,藏汉民族90个线粒体DNA序列归类到13个Haplogroups,除M9以外,其它各Haplogroup出现频率之间比较差异无统计学意义;通过两个民族的线粒体DNA全序列比对,发现21个分布频率有统计学意义的变异位点,其中的5个为新变异位点;另外,对D-Loop区的5个突变位点进行了单倍型构建,90个标本可分为2种Supertype,发现在藏汉民族之间Supertypel和Supertype 2的分布频率均有统计学意义.结论 藏汉民族在种族起源和系统发生上具有较近的母系遗传关系;在全序列有统计学意义的位点究竟是适应性或者中性选择,抑或是一种病理性突变尚需深入的探讨.     

Evaluation of Job Strain of Family Physicians in COVID-19 Pandemic Period- An Example from Turkey

Journal of Community Health - The purpose of this study was to evaluate family physicians’ job strain during the Covid-19 pandemic and determine the effective factors. The study was carried...     

松质骨中两种纵波的传播特性分析

基于松质骨的层状模型，利用Schoenberg理论分析了松质骨中两种纵波(快纵波和慢纵波)的传播特性；并在理论和实验上详细分析了骨小梁方向与传播方向间的夹角对松质骨中快纵波和慢纵波传播特性的影响。分析结果表明，当超声波平行于骨小梁入射时，松质骨中两种纵波都传播，入射角度在60度附近时，松质骨中两种纵波的相速度曲线有一个转折点，入射角度在60度以上，角度越大时，骨髓和骨小梁耦合得越紧，因此阻止了慢纵波的传播，而只有快纵波传播。     

Identifying stone composition using infrared analysis of filtered urine after ureteroscopic lithotripsy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With the development of small-caliber ureteroscopes and lithotripsy devices, it is now possible to perform intracorporeal stone fragmentation without dilatation of the ureteral orifice. Ureteral stones are typically fragmented into small particles that can be difficult to retrieve for stone analysis. Infrared spectroscopy (IRS) of the precipitate from urine after intracorporeal lithotripsy represents a method for obtaining stone analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 69 patients underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy with the holmium laser or the electrohydraulic probe for stones in the ureter (N = 65) or kidney (N = 4). Each patient's bladder was then drained and the urine filtered. The resulting precipitate was analyzed using IRS. RESULTS: The amount of material for analysis was < or =1 mg in 56 patients (82%). Stone composition was positively identified in 44 patients (64%). Material suitable for analysis was recovered from 73% of patients when the bladder was drained with a cystoscope sheath compared with 43% when a urethral catheter was used (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in pretreatment stone size in the patients who had a positive v a negative result (11.7 mm v 10.9 mm; P = 0.06). Similarly, the stone location was not significantly related to the likelihood of positive analysis (P = 0.29). CONCLUSION: Straining the urine after ureteroscopic intracorporeal lithotripsy and analyzing the precipitate with IRS is able to identify stone composition in the majority of patients. This method is especially useful in the setting of holmium laser lithotripsy, in which the majority of the stone is converted to spontaneously passable particles.