双硫腙化学修饰电极溶出伏安法测定人体中痕量铅

我们研制了双硫腙化学修饰电极,并应用于人体中痕量铅的测定。由于该电极电解富集铅具有特效性,因而本法测铅有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性。检出下限为2.5×10~(-10)mol/L(受空白所限)。实测人体样品,铅的回收率 SD为97.3±5.7％,变异系数CV为5.9％。     

AO肩锁钢板钩治疗重型肩锁关节脱位

目的评估AO肩锁钢板钩治疗重型肩锁关节脱位的手术疗效.方法回顾性分析两年来27例手术病人的手术治疗和疗效.结果手术方法符合生理结构,手术时间平均30分钟,内固定牢靠.根据Murley和Constant[1]评分,优良率94%.结论 AO肩锁钢板钩治疗重型肩锁关节脱位,手术方法简单,疗效可靠,允许病人术后早期功能锻炼.     

汉族男子体格及生殖器发育特点

2411例汉族男性大学生体格和生殖器的测量结果如下:阴茎周径8.17±0.64cm,阴茎长度7.43±1.04cm,阴茎牵长13.33±1.19cm,右睾丸容积17.91±4.09ml,左睾丸容积17.83±4.05ml,身高171.07±5.66cm,体重58.43±7.75kg.北方学生体格和生殖器发育均优于南方.城、县、乡学生的生殖器发育无明显差异,但城市学生体格发育优于农村.16岁后阴茎、睾丸大小变化不大,但生殖器的发育可持续到30岁.     

Mid‐ to Long‐Term Outcomes of Cementless Modular,Fluted, Tapered Stem for Massive Femoral Bone Loss in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

ObjectiveTo evaluate mid‐ to long‐term results of revision total hip arthroplasty for massive femoral bone loss using a cementless modular, fluted, tapered stem.MethodsThis is a retrospective study performed at a single hospital. During the period of January 2007 to January 2015, 33 patients (34 hips) underwent primary revision surgery with cementless modular, fluted, tapered stems due to femoral bone loss. Sixteen men and 17 women were included in the study, with an average age of 63.9 ± 11.7 years (range, 27 to 88 years). Operative data including operative duration, length of incision, drainage volume and duration, blood loss and transfusion, cases of bone graft and extended trochanteric osteotomy were recorded. Clinical evaluation was performed using Harris hip score (HHS), visual analogue scale (VAS), and patients'' satisfaction. Radiographic data including femoral stem fixation, subsidence, integrin of allograft bone, and leg length discrepancy were assessed. Complications and survivorship were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival rate.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 9.1 ± 2.5 years (range, 5–13 years). The Harris hip score was 43.6 ± 11.5 preoperatively and maintained at 86.5 ± 6.6 at the time of latest follow‐up (P < 0. 05). The X‐ray showed bone ingrowth fixation in 30 hips (88%), fibrous stable fixation in three hips (9%), and instability in one hip (3%). The average stem subsidence was 3.9 ± 2.2 mm (range, 1 to 10 mm). The mean difference in leg length in our study was 3.3 ± 2.7 mm (range, 0 to 10 mm), and the leg length discrepancy in 28 (82%) patients was within 5 mm. No case of junction fracture was observed. Seven (21%) intraoperative fractures occurred in our study. Three (9%) cases with infection were observed after revision. Six (18%) patients had lower limb vein thrombosis. The survivorship of prostheses with re‐revision for any reason was 95% (95% CI, 12.0 to 13.0) at the 10‐year follow‐up. Three (9%) re‐revisions were needed, including one for aseptic loosening, one for dislocation, and one for infection.ConclusionThe mid‐ to long‐term results of revision total hip arthroplasty with the cementless modular, fluted, tapered stems are encouraging for massive femoral bone loss.     

排空术治疗高血压性脑出血术中出血预防技术的改进

（１）目的 探讨自动压力泄洪管在预防排空术治疗高血压性脑出血并发术中出血的临床意义。（２）方法 将血肿腔和排空管管腔的两处压力进行隔离,压力仅作用于排空管管腔中以保持吸引力,而血肿腔腔内压力低于正常颅内压或０压力时便被自动泄洪。（３）结果排空术造成的颅压大幅度负相变动的缺点被矫正,使压力环境相当于没有负压的常规开颅术,排空术的重要并发症－术中出血,也降低到等同于常规开颅术,应用本法治疗１０例高血     

动静脉同步换血换血量与胆红素水平关系的回归再分析

目的通过对加大样本量的线性回归分析,进一步研究适用于一般临床外周动静脉同步换血应用的反映换血量和总胆红素(TBIL)下降关系的回归方程。方法对75例采用外周动静脉同步换血疗法的高胆红素血症新生儿,按换血前TBIL数值高低依序分为5组,对每换血50 ml/kg进行TBIL值检测和回归分析,并对回归方程参数的95%置信区间进行分析和检验。结果 (1)每增加50 ml/kg换血量,TBIL累积换出率差异有非常显著意义(P0.01);经200 ml/kg换血后TBIL的累积换出率均值为61.5%。(2)换血过程中TBIL浓度(y)与换血量(x)呈线性相关(r值在0.96～0.98之间,P0.001)。(3)分组系列回归方程的斜率(a)与换血前TBIL浓度初始值(y0)也呈高度线性相关,其(r=0.99,P0.001)。(4)各组方程参数回归效果的方差分析检验结果均有非常显著统计学意义(P0.01)。(5)对换血回归方程参数适用区间95%置信度的检验结果有非常显著统计学意义(P0.001)。结论经分别对换血过程TBIL浓度值y与换血量x相关性依模型y=y0-ax以及对方程斜率参数a与换血前TBIL浓度初始值y0相关性依模型a=αy0+β进行的线性回归分析,可建立适用于临床指导换血用量的综合单自变量线性回归方程y=y0-ax=y0-(0.0035 y0-0.081)x。     

北京地区271例肺结节患者中医证候分布特征研究

目的：分析北京地区肺结节（PN）的中医证候分布特征。方法：收集北京地区271例肺结节患者的中医四诊信息,运用主成分分析法,结合证候要素判定标准确定肺结节的中医证候要素特点,再应用系统聚类分析法对条目进行聚类分析,探索北京地区肺结节的中医证候分布特征。结果：肺结节的证候要素主要为痰浊、痰湿、气虚、血瘀和阳气虚。聚类分析结果显示,肺结节的中医证候以肺气虚证占比最多（34.3%）,其余依次为肺气阴两虚证（19.2%）、瘀血阻络证（17.7%）、痰热郁肺（16.2%）、肝郁气滞（12.5%）。结论：肺结节的病位主要在肺,属虚实夹杂、本虚标实之证;临床可分为肺气虚证、痰热郁肺证、肺气阴两虚证、肝郁气滞证、瘀血阻络证,其中以肺气虚证、肺气阴两虚证占比较高。在治疗和辨证过程中,要首重气阴两虚的问题,适时加用补气养阴,强肺气,润肺脉,使气血调达通畅,则邪无以聚。     

前列腺素类药物全合成的研究进展

前列腺素是一类具有多种生理活性的重要内源性产物,已有14个化合物上市用于治疗青光眼、溃疡、早孕、便秘及高血压等疾病.本文综述其全合成研究进展,涉及的关键中间体有:Corey内酯,环戊酮中间体和双环烯醛中间体.其中,以丁二醛为原料经双环烯醛七步反应合成PGF2α的方法有望大幅度降低相关药物的生产成本.     

Mid‐Term Outcomes of Navigation‐Assisted Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Adjusted Mechanical Alignment

ObjectiveThe adjusted mechanical alignment (aMA) technique is an extension of conventional mechanical alignment (MA), which has rarely been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mid‐term outcomes of navigation‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using aMA.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled 63 consecutive patients (77 knees) who underwent navigation‐assisted TKA using aMA between September 2017 and October 2019. Fifty‐two consecutive patients (61 knees) who underwent TKA using MA during the same period were assessed as the controlled group. The demographic data and perioperative data were recorded. The parameters of resection and soft tissue balance including tibia resection angle, frontal femoral angle, axial femoral angle, joint line translation, medial and lateral gap in extension and flexion position were recorded. Radiographic parameters and functional scores including the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and Forgotten Joint Score‐12 (FJS‐12) were evaluated. Surgery‐related complications were recorded. The average follow‐up was 3.5 years, with a minimum of 2.4 years.ResultsThe frontal femoral angle was 2.55° ± 1.08° in aMA group versus 0.26° ± 0.60° in MA group (p < 0.001). The axial femoral angle was 3.07° ± 2.23° external in aMA group versus 2.30° ± 1.70° in MA group (p = 0.027). The lateral flexion gap was wider in the aMA group, with a mean of 0.71 mm more laxity (p = 0.001). Postoperative coronal alignment was 177.03° ± 1.82° in aMA group versus 178.14° ± 1.69° in MA group (p < 0.001). The coronal femoral component angle was 92.62° ± 2.78° in aMA group versus 90.85° ± 2.01° in MA group (p < 0.001). Both aMA‐TKA and MA‐TKA achieved satisfactory mid‐term clinical outcomes. However, the HSS scores at 1 month postoperatively were significantly higher using aMA than using MA (p < 0.001).ConclusionNavigation‐assisted TKA using aMA technique obtained satisfactory mid‐term clinical outcomes. The aMA technique aims to produce a biomimetic wider lateral flexion‐extension gap and minimize releases of soft tissues, which might be associated with better early clinical outcomes than MA technique.     

奥美拉唑治疗尿毒症并发上消化道出血的疗效和安全性系统评价

目的 系统评价奥美拉唑治疗尿毒症并发上消化道出血的疗效和安全性。方法 检索Pubmed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、EBSCO、CNKI、Wanfang Data、VIP、CBM(建库至2015年4月12日),收集相关的随机对照试验研究(RCTs),按照Cochrane 5.1手册,采用RevMan 5.3和STATA 11.0进行meta分析和评价。结果 与对照组相比,奥美拉唑治疗尿毒症并发上消化道出血的止血总有效率有显著性差异(P<0.000 01)。亚组分析显示：分别与H2受体拮抗剂组和空白对照组相比,奥美拉唑组止血总有效率有显著性差异(P<0.000 01或P<0.000 1);判定72 h为有效终点和96 h为有效终点(P<0.000 01)均有统计学差异。奥美拉唑组与对照组发生药物不良反应无统计学差异。结论 奥美拉唑治疗尿毒症并发上消化道出血安全有效。但鉴于纳入本次研究有一定的局限性,还仍需设计良好的大规模临床随机对照研究来验证。