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1.
Mary Cameron Anne Cockcroft Grace Wanjiru Waichigo Nobantu Marokoane Ditiro Laetsang Neil Andersson 《AIDS care》2014,26(12):1534-1540
This paper describes implementation research of an intervention in a complex HIV prevention randomised trial in southern Africa. Researchers collected stories of change attributed by 106 community members to an audio-drama edutainment intervention in 41 sites in Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland. The team analysed themes in the stories following a behaviour change model of conscious knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, intention to change, agency, discussion and action (CASCADA). Storytellers attributed positive changes to the intervention in the areas of gender violence, multiple sexual partners, transactional and intergenerational sex and condom use. Their stories illustrate each of the steps in the CASCADA behaviour change model. As well as supporting an enabling environment for other interventions in the trial, the audio-drama also helped some participants to make personal changes. Collecting and discussing the stories were encouraging for the trial fieldworkers. Documenting the experiences of participants and framing the analysis of stories in an explicit behaviour change model allowed us to reflect on potential mechanisms and pathways through which the intervention impacts on individuals and communities. It helped in the design of the quantitative instruments to measure intermediate outcomes of the trial. 相似文献
2.
Febrile seizures: an update. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This review focuses on the latest knowledge and understanding of febrile seizures and outlines the more important issues in the management of children who present with an apparent "febrile seizure". It is not the remit of this paper to discuss the detailed management of febrile seizures. Throughout this review, the words "partial" and "focal" will be used interchangeably and the term "febrile seizure" (FS) will be used, reflecting the proposed changes in the terminology of seizures and epilepsies.1 相似文献
3.
Acidosis in severe childhood malaria 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
English M; Sauerwein R; Waruiru C; Mosobo M; Obiero J; Lowe B; Marsh K 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1997,90(4):263-270
Data were prospectively collected on 306 Kenyan children, including blood
gases in 258 (75%). Severe malaria caused a predominantly high- anion-gap
metabolic acidosis in at least 43% of children. Children with coma and
respiratory distress (CM + RD) had greater evidence of renal dysfunction,
lower mean pH and higher mean plasma osmolality than those with respiratory
distress (RD) or coma (CM) as isolated findings (mean urea 10.7 vs. 6.0 vs.
4.3 mmol/l; mean creatinine 97 vs. 74 vs. 58 mumol/l; mean osmolality 301
vs. 288 vs. 283 mosmol/l; and mean pH 7.16 vs. 7.29 vs. 7.39, respectively,
p < 0.001 for each comparison of CM + RD vs. RD or CM). In addition,
children with CM + RD had a higher mean blood lactate (6.7 vs. 3.3 mmol/l,
p < 0.001), a lower mean haemoglobin (5.5 vs. 7.0 g/dl, p = 0.002) and a
lower mean age (26.4 vs. 41.9 months, p < 0.001) than children with CM
and accounted for 15/24 (63%) of all deaths. These and previous data
implicate hypovolaemia and renal impairment in the pathogenesis of
metabolic acidosis in severe childhood malaria. In children who are
acidotic, anaemia is strongly associated with lactic acidaemia and may
therefore contribute to its pathogenesis. These data also imply that coma
in acidotic children (CM + RD) and those with an isolated encephalopathy
(CM) may result from quite different pathophysiological mechanisms.
相似文献
4.
Judith Agot Odhiambo George Muyala Siboe Catherine Wanjiru Lukhoba Saiffudin Fidahussein Dossaji 《African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines》2010,7(1):53-58
Bulb extracts of Gladiolus dalenii reportedly used in the treatment of fungal infections in HIV/AIDS patients in the Lake Victoria region were tested for antifungal activity using the disc diffusion assay technique. Commercially used antifungal drugs, Ketaconazole and Griseofulvin (Cosmos Pharmaceuticals) were used as standards. Dichloromethane (CH2CL2)/Methanol (MeOH) in the ratio 1:1. Soluble extracts showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Direct bioautography on silica gel Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and appropriate spraying agents were used to identify the active component in the extract. The activities of both the extracts were higher than that of Griseofulvin. CH2CL2 soluble extract in addition showed ability to delay sporulation in A.niger. The active group of compounds in the extracts was identified as alkaloids, which offer immense potential for development of new and valuable pharmaceutical products. 相似文献
5.
B. Shillitoe C. Bangs D. Guzman A. R. Gennery H. J. Longhurst M. Slatter D. M. Edgar M. Thomas A. Worth A. Huissoon P. D. Arkwright S. Jolles H. Bourne H. Alachkar S. Savic D. S. Kumararatne S. Patel H. Baxendale S. Noorani P. F. K. Yong C. Waruiru V. Pavaladurai P. Kelleher R. Herriot J. Bernatonienne M. Bhole C. Steele G. Hayman A. Richter M. Gompels C. Chopra T. Garcez M. Buckland 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2018,192(3):284-291
This is the second report of the United Kingdom Primary Immunodeficiency (UKPID) registry. The registry will be a decade old in 2018 and, as of August 2017, had recruited 4758 patients encompassing 97% of immunology centres within the United Kingdom. This represents a doubling of recruitment into the registry since we reported on 2229 patients included in our first report of 2013. Minimum PID prevalence in the United Kingdom is currently 5·90/100 000 and an average incidence of PID between 1980 and 2000 of 7·6 cases per 100 000 UK live births. Data are presented on the frequency of diseases recorded, disease prevalence, diagnostic delay and treatment modality, including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy. The registry provides valuable information to clinicians, researchers, service commissioners and industry alike on PID within the United Kingdom, which may not otherwise be available without the existence of a well‐established registry. 相似文献
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7.
Alemnji GA Branch S Best A Kalou M Parekh B Waruiru W Milstrey E Conn W Nkengasong JN Lecher S 《Global public health》2012,7(6):648-660
The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) programme for the Caribbean Region was established in 2008 to address health system challenges, including fragile laboratory services and systems. The laboratory component of this programme consisted of several phases: assessment of laboratory needs of all 12 countries engaged in the programme; addressing gaps identified during the assessment; and monitoring and evaluation of the progress achieved. After one year of PEPFAR collaboration with national governments and other partners, laboratory services and systems greatly improved. Some of the milestones include: (1) the accreditation of a public laboratory; (2) improved access to HIV diagnosis with faster turnaround time; (3) establishment of capacity for platforms for DNA PCR, viral load and HIV drug resistance; (4) development of the laboratory workforce; and (5) establishment of a framework for implementation of sustainable quality management systems for laboratory accreditation. The progress recorded in strengthening laboratory health systems after one year of initiating this collaboration shows that with a rigorous initial assessment, programme design and intervention and strategic partnership, national laboratory health systems can be greatly enhanced to support programme implementation. Continued collaboration and country leadership is critical to create an integrated and sustainable laboratory network in the Caribbean. 相似文献
8.
Crawley J Waruiru C Mithwani S Mwangi I Watkins W Ouma D Winstanley P Peto T Marsh K 《Lancet》2000,355(9205):701-706
This randomized, placebo-controlled study assesses whether a single intramuscular dose of phenobarbital (20 mg/kg) given on admission to Kenyan children with cerebral malaria could lower the frequency of seizures, which complicate cerebral malaria by increasing the risk of death and neurological sequelae. A total of 340 children with cerebral malaria were admitted to the hospital; 170 received phenobarbital and 170 received placebo. The drug was adequately absorbed and well tolerated. Findings revealed a significantly lower frequency of seizures in the phenobarbital group than in the placebo group (18 [11%] vs. 46 [27%] children had 3 or more seizures of any duration; odds ratio (OR), 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.18-0.58). However, mortality was doubled (30 [18%] vs. 14 [8%] deaths; OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.28-4.64) in the phenobarbital group. In addition, the frequency of respiratory arrest was higher in the phenobarbital group than in the placebo group, and mortality was greatly increased in children who received phenobarbital plus 3 or more doses of diazepam. In conclusion, although the phenobarbital dose of 20 mg/kg given to children with cerebral malaria provides highly effective seizure prophylaxis, an unacceptable increase in mortality is noted; hence, use of this dosage is not recommended. 相似文献
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