AMPK在妊娠期糖尿病发病机制中的作用

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶是一种重要的蛋白激酶,主要作用是协调代谢和能量平衡.腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶被激活后,在增加骨骼肌对葡萄糖摄取、增强胰岛素敏感性、增加脂肪酸氧化以及调节基因转录等方面发挥重要作用.已经证实脂联素有调节糖脂代谢的作用,但其作用机制尚不十分清楚,很可能是通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶介导,对脂联素信号转导通路的研究将成为进一步理解脂联素作用的关键所在.而脂联素又是妊娠期糖尿病的预测因子,所以腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶逐渐成为对妊娠期糖尿病研究中的焦点.     

Previous weight loss experiences of bariatric surgery candidates: how much have patients dieted prior to surgery?

OBJECTIVE: To describe the dieting histories of bariatric surgery candidates. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: One hundred seventy-seven individuals with extreme obesity who sought bariatric surgery completed the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory, a self-report instrument that assesses several variables, including weight and dieting history. Patients' dieting histories were further explored with an aided recall during a preoperative behavioral/psychological evaluation performed by a mental health professional. RESULTS: Participants who completed the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory reported an average of 4.7 +/- 2.9 successful dieting attempts, defined as those that resulted in a loss of 10 lbs (4.5 kg) or more. These individuals reported a mean total lifetime weight loss of 61.1 +/- 41.3 kg. Despite these efforts, their weight increased from 89.4 +/- 27.4 kg at the time of their first diet (age 21.2 +/- 10.1 years) to 144.5 +/- 30.8 kg at the time they underwent their behavioral/psychological evaluation (age 43.0 +/- 11.0 years). Results of the aided recall revealed that participants had made numerous other efforts to lose weight that were unsuccessful. Self-directed diets and commercial programs were used more frequently. DISCUSSION: Individuals who sought bariatric surgery reported an extensive history of dieting, beginning in adolescence, that was not successful in halting progressive weight gain. Thus, the recommendation often made by insurance companies that patients delay surgery to attempt more conservative treatment options may be unwarranted, particularly in the presence of significant obesity-related comorbidities. Weight loss histories should be routinely examined during a behavioral evaluation to determine whether additional attempts at non-surgical weight loss are advisable. Future studies also are needed to explore the potential relationship between dieting history and postoperative outcome.     

Binge eating disorder,weight cycling,and psychopathology

This study examined differences among a total of 70 obese binge eaters, nonbingers, and problem eaters in depression, cognitive function, weight- and eating-related disturbances, and weight cycling. Subjects diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED) scored significantly higher on depression and on several measures of cognitive dysfunction than did subjects in the other two groups. In addition, they reported significantly greater preoccupation with thinness and feelings of ineffectiveness, as well as a greater likelihood of eating in response to negative emotions. No relationship, however, was found between binge eating and weight cycling. Comparison of subjects identified as low- and high-weight cyclers revealed no significant differences between these two groups on depression, cognitive dysfunction, or the majority of the other measures of weight- and eating-related disturbance. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for treating persons with BED and/or a history of weight cycling.     

Correlates of body image dissatisfaction among overweight women seeking weight loss

Predictors of body image dissatisfaction (BID) among obese people are poorly understood. In 79 obese women seeking weight reduction, associations with BID of self-esteem, youth teasing, adult teasing, and internalization of sociocultural appearance standards (ISAS) were studied. Analyses revealed that only self-esteem, adult teasing, and ISAS predicted BID. Results highlight the importance of adulthood self-esteem and interpersonal-cultural context--rather than childhood experiences--in predicting adulthood BID.     

藏汉民族线粒体基因组全序列的比较研究

目的 以藏汉民族线粒体基因组全序列为基础,进行Haplogroup构建和系统发生分析,在全序列水平上比较核苷酸的变异,阐释可能的变异机制和蕴含的生物学意义.方法 采用Applied Biosystems 3730DNA自动测序仪分别对40名藏族和50名汉族的标本进行线粒体DNA序列测定,应用phredPhrap 16.0软件进行全序列拼接,并以rCRS(revised Cambridge Reference Sequence)为标准与测定序列进行比对分析;根据MTTO-MAP的标准,通过Network方法进行Haplogroup构建和系统发生的分析,并结合其它方法对产生的数据进行深入解读.结果 数据分析结果显示:在系统发生上,藏汉民族90个线粒体DNA序列归类到13个Haplogroups,除M9以外,其它各Haplogroup出现频率之间比较差异无统计学意义;通过两个民族的线粒体DNA全序列比对,发现21个分布频率有统计学意义的变异位点,其中的5个为新变异位点;另外,对D-Loop区的5个突变位点进行了单倍型构建,90个标本可分为2种Supertype,发现在藏汉民族之间Supertypel和Supertype 2的分布频率均有统计学意义.结论 藏汉民族在种族起源和系统发生上具有较近的母系遗传关系;在全序列有统计学意义的位点究竟是适应性或者中性选择,抑或是一种病理性突变尚需深入的探讨.     

Evaluation of Job Strain of Family Physicians in COVID-19 Pandemic Period- An Example from Turkey

Journal of Community Health - The purpose of this study was to evaluate family physicians’ job strain during the Covid-19 pandemic and determine the effective factors. The study was carried...     

Relaxation therapy as an adjunct treatment for essential hypertension

Essential hypertension is one of the leading problems seen by a family physician, and it is not easily treated. In some instances, a behavioral therapy may serve as a useful adjunct to the pharmacological treatment of this disease. Evidence indicates that relaxation therapy in combination with medical treatment results in significantly greater reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than the use of medical treatment alone. Progressive muscle relaxation, Benson's "relaxation response," hypnosis, and blood pressure biofeedback are the four most common behavioral treatments for essential hypertension. The first two of these are both effective and well suited to use in a family practice.     

Establishing the reproducibility of two approaches to quantify white matter tract integrity in stroke

Diffusion tensor imaging can provide unique and detailed information about white matter anatomy following stroke. Fiber tract reconstruction using tract-based techniques and cross-sectional region of interest delineation are two common approaches to quantify white matter integrity. After stroke, white matter tract integrity can be affected both locally and distally to the primary lesion location. It has been shown that tract disruption is associated with degree of functional impairment and response to skill training in participants with stroke. However, the reliability and validity of these approaches has not been systematically evaluated nor have the two approaches been directly compared in individuals with chronic stroke.Ten well-recovered individuals with chronic, right-sided, ischemic stroke in the sub-cortex and ten age-, gender- and handedness-matched healthy participants were studied. Semi-automated tractography of the ipsi- and contralesional corticospinal tract and cross-sectional region of interest drawing of the posterior limb of the internal capsule were performed bilaterally. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values and the hemispheric asymmetry in FA were the primary measures of tract integrity. Two raters performed each analysis method twice to evaluate inter- and intra-rater reliability. Participants with stroke were compared to healthy individuals to determine validity of each analysis approach. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the two approaches and the association between approaches and upper extremity motor impairment.Both analyses methods generally demonstrated good to excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability in each group (p < 0.05). Stroke participants demonstrated lower mean FA values in both ipsi- and contralesional tract integrity, and larger FA hemispheric asymmetry as compared with healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Comparison between the analysis approaches revealed significant associations between approaches across both groups and within each group (p < 0.05). In stroke, individual tract integrity was not correlated between approaches for ipsilesional (r = 0.26) or contralesional (0.15) tracts, nor was FA hemispheric asymmetry (r = 0.18). Additionally, contralesional mean FA quantified with the cross-sectional approach correlated with upper extremity motor impairment (r = 0.69).Importantly, this study is the first to systematically characterize the reliability of tract-based and cross-sectional DTI analysis approaches in well-recovered individuals with chronic stroke and matched healthy participants. Results suggest both tract-based and cross-sectional approaches to evaluate white matter tract integrity are reliable, can differentiate between groups of stroke and healthy participants, and are associated with one another. However, only mean FA values for the contralesional side derived using the cross-sectional approach were related to upper extremity impairment. Our findings suggest that each approach provides complimentary rather than redundant information regarding integrity and support the use of both approaches in combination in future investigations in well-recovered individuals with stroke.