雷公藤多甙与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响

本研究探讨雷公藤多甙(GTW)与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响。SD雄大鼠用棉酚及GTW各6 mg/kg/d,灌胃给药,每周6日,共11周。10只用药动物全部不育,附睾精子密度和活率也明显下降,而体重增长如常,性行为存在。睾丸光镜下结构绝大多数无明显异常,血清睾酮水平正常,副性腺重量无明显变化。停药6周后生育力恢复。在相同剂量下,单用GTW或棉酚均无抗生育效果。表明两药合用有相加作用,为减少棉酚和GTW副作用提供一条可能途径。     

Causes of ineffective chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus

The causes of unsatisfactory result of treatment in 125 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus (DM) are presented. In every patient were revealed 2-4 and more nonfavourable factors, influencing the chemotherapy inefficacy. The main of them are: the severity of the DM course and of its complications, the patient's noncompliance of the treatment, the spreading of tuberculosis, the resistance of the tuberculosis Mycobacterium to preparations.     

Prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus

The methods of the hemostasis correction in 118 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis (DPT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) were determined. Along with dietetic and insulinotherapy, chemotherapy, there were administered anticoagulants of direct and indirect action, rheopolyglucin, effective electrostimulation of the back and lower extremities muscles, ultra-violet irradiation of blood, electrophoresis of 6% solution of sodium salicylate and 5000 U of heparin on pancreatic region according to the method proposed.     

Exudative pleurisy in patients with diabetes mellitus

Peculiarities of clinical course, diagnosis and results of treatment of exudative pleurisy (EP) were studied in 65 patients with diabetes mellitus. According to the data of complex investigation obtained, using clinico-radiological, laboratory, instrumental methods (transthoracic puncture, thoracoscopy with pleural biopsy), pleural tuberculosis was diagnosed in 60% of patients, nonspecific pleuritis--in 21.5%, pleural mesothelioma--in 10.8%, primary pulmonary cancer--in 5 (7.7%). In 26 (40%) patients pulmonary operation was performed to eliminate the main focus of the EP occurrence. Direct dependence of the course, result of treatment of patients with EP from the type, severity and timely diagnosis of the disease was established.     

Low-dose inhaled nitric oxide for neonates with pulmonary hypertension

Objective : Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been shown to cause selective pulmonary vasodilatation and improve ventilation-perfusion matching and may be an important therapeutic option for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). We report our experience on the use of iNO in neonates with severe PPHN.
Methodology : Inhaled NO was administered to 10 infants with PPHN and persistent hypoxaemia (meconium aspiration syndrome, n = 9; pneumonia, n = 1) after failure of conventional therapy to improve oxygenation. With the exception of one infant, iNO was commenced at 10 ppm.
Results : After 30 min exposure to iNO, the arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) rose from a median of 49 mmHg (6.5 kPa) [range 12-82 mmHg (1.6-10.9 kPa)] to 75 mmHg (10 kPa) [range 17-450 mmHg (2.3-60 kPa)] ( P = 0.005), while the median oxygenation index fell (pre-iNO of 37 vs post-iNO 20) ( P = 0.005) and median systemic arterial pressure rose (pre-iNO 46.5 mmHg (6.2 kPa) [range 32-63 mmHg (4.3 to 8.4 kPa vs post-iNO 54.5 mmHg (7.3 kPa) [range 36-74 kPa]) P = 0.005). All infants subsequently continued to receive iNO with the duration of exposure to iNO ranging from 12 to 168 h (median duration 100 h). Three infants died despite showing an initial beneficial response to iNO. The mean duration of intubation for survivors was 11.9 ± 2.6 days. Methaemoglobinaemia and toxic levels of nitrogen dioxide were not seen during iNO administration. Of the seven survivors, 12 month follow up in two infants and 4 month follow up in four infants showed age-appropriate neurodevelopmental skills, with one infant having very mild hearing loss.
Conclusions : Inhaled NO reduces the oxygenation index by improving the PaO₂ and decreasing ventilation pressures, and appears to be clinically useful in severely hypoxaemic infants with PPHN refractory to conventional treatment.     

Inhaled nitric oxide during emergency neonatal transportation

ABSTRACT Inhaled nitric oxide is currently being investigated as a selective pulmonary vasodilator for neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension. The use of continuous inhaled nitric oxide during emergency transportation of three critically ill neonates with meconium aspiration and pulmonary hypertension is described. The successful application of this technique may allow safer transportation of neonates who require high level intensive care including ongoing nitric oxide, high frequency ventilation and/or extracorporeal life support. Regionally based nitric oxide-equipped retrieval teams may relieve the pressure on smaller neonatal intensive care units to provide inhaled nitric oxide therapy and allow centralization of nitric oxide resources, thus facilitating development of expertise and the completion of meaningful research programs with substantial recruitment.     

Surgical treatment of primarily diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus]

In 84 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) the pulmonary resection for primarily revealed tuberculosis was done. Postoperative complications occurred in 16.7% of patients, one woman died. Clinical efficacy was achieved in 98.8% of patients. In 96.1% of patients the effect was preserved up to one-fourteen years of follow-up. In majority of patients significant improvement of a DM course was noted.     

Nontransferrin-bound iron in plasma from hemochromatosis patients: effect of phlebotomy therapy

Plasma from patients with iron overload resulting from idiopathic hemochromatosis contains nontransferrin-bound iron, measurable by the bleomycin, assay. During venesection therapy, the concentration of bleomycin iron declines in a way highly correlated with plasma ferritin concentrations. Even when patients had been venesected to give very low total plasma iron concentrations and high transferrin iron-binding capacity, bleomycin-detectable iron was still present at low concentrations. Bleomycin-detectable iron can stimulate damaging free radical reactions, and its persistence in plasma even after prolonged venesection might contribute to the tissue damage that results from iron overload.