全文获取类型
收费全文 | 320篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 12篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 41篇 |
临床医学 | 23篇 |
内科学 | 38篇 |
神经病学 | 32篇 |
外科学 | 169篇 |
药学 | 15篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 20篇 |
2011年 | 23篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 20篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有338条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The role of CD4+ helper T cells in the destruction of microencapsulated islet xenografts in nod mice 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
C J Weber S Zabinski T Koschitzky L Wicker R Rajotte V D'Agati L Peterson J Norton K Reemtsma 《Transplantation》1990,49(2):396-404
Islet transplants for large numbers of patients with diabetes will require xenografts. Microencapsulation is an appealing method for islet xenografting. However, graft function has been limited by a cellular reaction, particularly intense in spontaneously diabetic, NOD mice. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of this reaction. Poly-1-lysine-alginate microcapsules containing 4000-12,000 dog or 1800-2000 rat islets were xenografted intraperitoneally into streptozotocin (SZN)-diabetic C57BL/6J and NOD mice, with or without recipient treatment with GK 1.5 (anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody) (20-30 microliters i.p. every 5 days, begun on day -7. Grafts were considered technically successful if random blood glucose (BG) was normalized (less than 150 mg/dl) within 36 hr. Graft failure was defined as BG greater than 250 mg/dl. Dog and rat islets in microcapsules normalized BG in both SZN and NOD mice within 24 hr routinely. Empty microcapsules and GK 1.5 treatments alone did not affect BG. NODs destroyed both microencapsulated dog and rat islets more rapidly than did SZN-diabetic mice (P less than .01). Graft biopsies showed an intense cellular reaction, composed of lymphocytes, macrophages and giant cells, and no viable islets. GK 1.5 treatment significantly prolonged both dog-to-NOD and rat-to-NOD grafts (P less than 0.01). Biopsies of long-term functioning grafts (on days 65-85) demonstrated viable islets and no cellular reaction around microcapsules; 1/4 rat and 1/8 dog islet xenografts continued to function indefinitely in NOD recipients, even after cessation of GK 1.5 therapy. Prediabetic NODs receiving encapsulated dog or rat islets mounted a moderate cellular reaction to grafts. Empty microcapsules excited no cellular reaction in diabetic or prediabetic NODs. We conclude that the NOD reaction to microencapsulated xenogeneic islets is helper T cell-dependent, and that the target of this reaction is not the microcapsule itself, but the donor cells within. 相似文献
2.
We report the first case of membranous lupus nephritis occurring in a child with congenital AIDS. Hypocomplementemia, elevated titers of anti-nuclear antibody and antibody to double-stranded DNA supported the diagnosis of associated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenetic implications of this coexistence of AIDS and SLE are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Lectin characterization of cystogenesis in the SBM transgenic model of polycystic kidney disease. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The generation of a novel transgenic mouse model of polycystic kidney disease with a construct (SBM) that links the coding region of the c-myc proto-oncogene to the simian virus 40 enhancer and beta-globin promoter was previously reported (see reference 1). In order to determine the site of origin and histogenesis of renal cysts in this model, lectin/immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies on mice of varying ages (from birth to adulthood) are described here. Cysts are detectable at birth and increase in number and diameter with age. Cysts predominantly involve the collecting tubules of young transgenic mice but progressively affect the proximal tubules with advancing age. A minority of cysts are of distal tubular origin in all age groups studied. Tubular hyperplasias are primarily reactive with proximal tubular markers and appear to precede the development of proximal tubular cysts in adult mice. This particular phenotypic evolution of polycystic kidney disease with advancing age suggests that the cystogenic potential of the transgene is modulated by yet unidentified tubular segment-specific responses. 相似文献
4.
5.
Differential activities of the RET tyrosine kinase receptor isoforms during mammalian embryogenesis 下载免费PDF全文
de Graaff E Srinivas S Kilkenny C D'Agati V Mankoo BS Costantini F Pachnis V 《Genes & development》2001,15(18):2433-2444
The RET receptor tyrosine kinase has a critical role in kidney organogenesis and the development of the enteric nervous system. Two major isoforms, RET9 and RET51, differ in the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal tail as a result of alternative splicing. To determine the roles of these isoforms in vivo, we used targeted mutagenesis to generate mice that express either RET9 or RET51. Monoisoformic RET9 mice, which lack RET51, are viable and appear normal. In contrast, monoisoformic RET51 animals, which lack RET9, have kidney hypodysplasia and lack enteric ganglia from the colon. To study the differential activities of the two RET isoforms further, we generated transgenic mice expressing ligand-dependent and constitutively active forms of RET9 or RET51 under the control of the Hoxb7 regulatory sequences. Such RET9 transgenes are capable of rescuing the kidney agenesis in RET-deficient mice or causing kidney hypodysplasia in wild-type animals. In contrast, similar RET51 transgenes fail to rescue the kidney agenesis or cause hypodysplasia. Our findings show that RET9 and RET51 have different signaling properties in vivo and define specific temporal and spatial requirements of c-Ret function during renal development and histogenesis of the enteric nervous system. 相似文献
6.
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a common pattern of renal injury induced by therapeutic agents. In order to characterize the types of mononuclear leukocytes infiltrating the kidney in drug-induced interstitial nephritis, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Leu1, Leu3a, OKT8, OKM1, Leu14, OKT17, IL-2) was applied to cryostat sections of 13 renal biopsies (five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) (Group I); five beta-lactam antibiotics (Group II), 3 miscellaneous (Group III]. The majority of infiltrating mononuclear leukocytes were Leu1-positive T cells (71.7 +/- 18.7%), followed by monocytes (15.2 +/- 7.7%) and B cells (7.4 +/- 9.1%). Leu3a/OKT8 ratio was 0.954 +/- 0.341. Rare cells reacted with antibody to the interleukin-2 receptor (1.4 +/- 1.2%). No statistically significant differences could be found in the percentages of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, activated (IL-2+) T cells or Leu3a/OKT8 (helper/suppressor) ratios in the three groups. In Group II, the following pathologic correlations were seen: Leu3a/OKT8 versus interstitial inflammation (R = -0.848), percent Leu3a versus interstitial inflammation (R = -0.818), percent OKT17 versus tubulitis (R = 0.785), percent Leu14 versus tubular atrophy (R = -0.891), and interstitial edema (R = 0.965). Our findings support a role for cellular immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AIN related to both NSAIDs and beta-lactam antibiotics. 相似文献
7.
Deborah Dewar Vivette Glover J. Elsworth M. Sandler 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1986,65(2):147-150
Summary Equol, its methylated derivative, and a carbazole, all isolated from bovine urine, are relatively potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase with IC50 values of 158, 28, and 16M respectively (using 83M tyramine as substrate). The probable dietary origin of these compounds suggests that natural monoamine oxidase inhibitors may be more widespread than had previously been suspected. 相似文献
8.
Focal segmental membranous glomerulonephropathy associated with other glomerular diseases 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
T Bertani G B Appel V D'Agati M A Nash C L Pirani 《American journal of kidney diseases》1983,2(4):439-448
In four patients with the nephrotic syndrome, renal biopsy revealed focal segmental membranous glomerulonephropathy (FSMGN) associated with the histologic patterns of "nil" disease (two cases), hereditary nephritis and diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The occurrence of FSMGN in association with other glomerular diseases, presumably unrelated to immune complex deposition, is infrequent in our experience. Rather than necessarily representing an early stage or milder form of membranous glomerulonephropathy, it may be an epiphenomenon. This interpretation has prognostic and therapeutic implications and raises important pathogenetic questions. In particular, this study suggests that in some instances, preexisting functional and structural abnormalities may play a role either in the deposition of preformed circulating immune complexes or in the local formation of immune complexes. 相似文献
9.
10.
Sandeep K. Mallipattu Sylvia J. Horne Vivette D’Agati Goutham Narla Ruijie Liu Michael A. Frohman Kathleen Dickman Edward Y. Chen Avi Ma’ayan Agnieszka B. Bialkowska Amr M. Ghaleb Mandayam O. Nandan Mukesh K. Jain Ilse Daehn Peter Y. Chuang Vincent W. Yang John C. He 《The Journal of clinical investigation》2015,125(3):1347-1361