下尿路梗阻性肾积水患者逼尿肌功能变化

目的：探讨下尿路梗阻性肾积水患者逼尿肌功能变化。方法：对20例（3．5－73岁）下尿路梗阻导致的肾积水组和10例（13－67岁）无肾积水的对照组进行膀胱压力容积测定与压力－流率测定，并记录不同膀胱灌注量的逼尿肌基础压力。结果：下尿路梗阻性肾积水组逼尿肌－括约肌协同失调（DSD）11例（55％），逼尿肌功能过度活跃5例；而对照组仅发现1例（10％）DSD，未发现有逼尿肌功能过度活跃。下尿路梗阻性肾积水组平均膀胱顺应性显著低于对照组（P＜0．05），而下尿路梗阻性肾积水组平均逼尿肌基础压力，平均逼尿肌最大收缩压和残余尿量均显著高于对照组（P＜0．05），且下尿路梗阻性肾积水组在灌注量逐渐增加时高逼尿肌基础压力发生率逐渐增加。结论：下尿路梗阻性肾积水多伴有逼尿肌功能异常，提示膀胱逼尿肌功能改变与下尿路梗阻性肾积水的形成及发展有一定的相关性。     

Vaginal cones: a conservative method of treating genuine stress incontinence

Summary. A set of weighted vaginal cones designed to exercise the pelvic floor muscles was used by a group of 39 premenopausal patients with genuine stress incontinence who were awaiting corrective surgery. The effectiveness of the exercises in reducing urinary loss was assessed with a standard urine pad test before and after 1 month of training. Of the 30 women who completed 1 month of the exercises 70% felt they were improved or cured and 90% found it an acceptable method of treatment. Of the 30 women only 11 (37%) opted for surgery after training. There was a highly significant correlation (P<0·001, r_s= -0·21) between decreased urine loss and increase in retained cone weight.     

肾癌患者组织蛋白酶B检测的临床意义

目的　观察组织蛋白酶B在肾癌癌组织中的表达 ,探讨其临床应用价值。方法　应用免疫组化技术测定组织蛋白酶B在肾癌患者癌组织和癌周组织中阳性的表达。结果　癌组织中组织蛋白酶B平均标记指数在癌组织较癌周组织明显增高 ,两者之间有高度显著性差异 (p <0 .0 0 1 )。结论　组织蛋白酶B在癌组织中表达增强表明 ,组织蛋白酶B与肾癌恶性表现相关 ,是肾癌患者临床监测有效指标     

British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) consensus document: management of bladder and ureteric injury

Injuries to the bladder and ureter are uncommon but usually require prompt urological management. Due to their infrequent nature, Urologists maybe unfamiliar with managing these acute problems and may not work in specialist centres with readily available expertise in open and abdominal surgery. We aim to provide advice in the form of a consensus statement led by the Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology (FNUU) Section of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS), in consultation with BAUS members and consultants working in units throughout the UK, to create a comprehensive management pathway and a series of statements to aid clinicians.     

茶多酚诱导膀胱癌EJ细胞株凋亡与细胞内钙离子变化的相关性

目的：探讨茶多酚对膀胱癌EJ细胞株抑制增殖的分子机理。方法：采用流式细胞术、噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法和激光共聚焦成像技术，分别测定膀胱癌EJ细胞株的凋亡状态、细胞的周期变化、线粒体功能及细胞内离子钙浓度水平变化。用茶多酚处理EJ肿瘤细胞。结果：细胞的周期依浓度的改变而变化，浓度增加至20μg／ml发生明显的凋亡，OD值与浓度呈负相关性。细胞内钙离子浓度与时间、浓度的增加呈量效正相关。钙离子浓度逐渐升高亦呈现为时效、量效正相关性。结论：茶多酚能影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡过程。茶多酚诱导所致线粒体变化、细胞内钙离子超载可能在肿瘤凋亡中起着重要作用。     

132例膀胱内灌注吡柔比星预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发

目的:评价吡柔比星膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的有效性及安全性.方法:符合入选标准的患者于手术后2周内开始行吡柔比星膀胱灌注,每次30mg,每周1次共8次,以后每月1次共1年,定期膀胱镜检查进行随访.结果:132例浅表性膀胱移行细胞癌患者,术后平均随访时间12.2±5.74个月.肿瘤复发22例,总复发率16.7%.其中复发性肿瘤的复发率明显高于初发肿瘤(P=0.003),而不同肿瘤分期、分级及单发与多发肿瘤患者间的复发率未见明显差异.不良反应主要为尿路刺激症状和尿常规异常.结论:吡柔比星膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的效果明确,疗效满意,患者耐受性好,是较为理想的膀胱灌注化疗药物.     

α1,3GT siRNA打靶杂合子猪肝细胞阴性表达半乳糖转移酶

目的 研究联合应用基因敲除及RNA干扰(siRNA)技术对猪α1，3半乳糖转移酶(α1，3GT)基因修饰后，阳性猪杂合子( ／-)肝细胞的GT基因是否获得有效沉默并影响人天然抗体介导的细胞毒性作用。方法用pPNTloxPneo和PMXSV／U6载体构建猪GT基因敲除并siRNA载体，转染中国实验用小型猪的肝细胞，筛选获取杂合子克隆( ／-)。Northern blot检测GT mRNA表达，四甲基偶氮唑盐方法评估天然抗体细胞毒性。结果 野生型和pPNTloxPGT转染的杂合子猪肝细胞的inRNA表达阳性，而pPNTloxPGTsiRNA载体转染的杂合猪肝细胞阴性表达α1，3GT mRNA;pPNTloxPGT转染细胞( ／-)和野生型( ／ )猪肝细胞对人天然抗体介导的细胞毒性实验敏感，而pPNTloxPGTsiRNA转染细胞( ／-)则对毒性试验敏感性明显下降，只检测到17％细胞毒性。结论 对猪GT联合应用基因敲除及SiRNA能够在阳性猪杂合子肝细胞内有效沉默GT基因，降低猪肝细胞对人天然抗体细胞毒的敏感性。     

外磁场协同表阿霉素-羧甲基磁性纳米颗粒对膀胱癌体内外的杀伤作用

目的探讨脉冲外电磁场协同表阿霉素(EPI)-羧甲基葡聚糖氧化铁磁性纳米颗粒(CDMN)对人膀胱癌BIU-87细胞体外增殖活性和裸鼠皮下移植膀胱癌生长及其凋亡的影响。方法用化学共沉淀和氧化还原法制备EPI-CDMN并检测其理化性质,建立膀胱癌BIU-87细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤动物模型,并设立空白对照组、磁场组、EPI组和EPI-CDMN组作为对照。分别采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法、双标流式细胞术、DNA原位末端标记法观察脉冲外电磁场联合EPI-CDMN对BIU-87细胞生长增殖活性和裸鼠皮下瘤生长状况及凋亡的影响。结果EPI-CDMN的直径、比饱和磁化强度分别为8～10 nm、0．22 emu/g。外磁场协同EPI-CDMN可以显著抑制BIU-87细胞增殖,抑制率达(21．82±3．18)%,并诱导细胞发生明显的凋亡,凋亡率为(16．8±3．4)%,均显著高于其他各组(P＜0．05)；裸鼠皮下瘤体积(1．57±0．42)cm~3和重量(2．00±0．21)g,均显著低于其他各组,抑瘤率51．69%和细胞凋亡指数(60．45±6．93)%均明显高于其他各组。结论外磁场可以显著增强EPI-CDMN对膀胱肿瘤的杀伤作用,为抗膀胱肿瘤的磁靶向治疗提供了实验依据。     

淫羊藿苷对兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NO及NOS活性的影响

目的 探讨淫羊藿苷对体外培养的兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞一氧化氮(NO)产生及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的作用效果。 方法 取兔阴蒂海绵体采用酶消化法进行平滑肌细胞体外培养,利用免疫细胞化学染色法通过检测α-actin进行细胞鉴定;利用硝酸还原酶法及NOS试剂盒测定不同浓度淫羊藿苷对阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NO生成及NOS活性的影响。 结果 培养的兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞呈现典型的平滑肌细胞形态特征;淫羊藿苷浓度依赖性增强家兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NOS活性并增加NO生成(P<0.01),且被NOS抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(LNNA)所抑制(P<0.01)。结论 淫羊藿苷可能通过增强NOS活性而提高阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NO生成,增强性刺激下阴蒂海绵体平滑肌的松弛作用而增强阴蒂胀大勃起功能。     

Nondetectable Prostate Carcinoma (pT0) after Radical Prostatectomy: A Narrative Review

(1) Background: Following radical prostatectomy (RP), the absence of a demonstrable tumor on the specimen of a previously histologically proven malignancy is known as the pT0 stage. The aim of our present study is to perform a narrative review of current literature in order to determine the frequency and oncological outcomes in patients with pT0 disease. (2) Methods: A narrative review of all available literature was performed. (3) Results: The incidence of pT0 ranges between 0.07% and 1.3%. Predictors of the pT0 stage are only a single biopsy core with low-grade cancer, a cancer length not exceeding 2 mm and a high prostate volume. Biochemical recurrence ranges between 0 and 11%. (4) Conclusions: The absence of malignancy in the RP specimen despite a previous positive biopsy is a rare and unpredictable finding. Although the prognosis is considered to be excellent in most of the cases, a continued close follow-up is warranted.