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排序方式: 共有96条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Darren R. Feldman MD Yasser Ged MBBS Chung-Han Lee PhD Andrea Knezevic MS Ana M. Molina MD Ying-Bei Chen PhD Joshua Chaim DO Devyn T. Coskey MS Samuel Murray MS Satish K. Tickoo MD Victor E. Reuter MD Sujata Patil PhD Han Xiao MD Jahan Aghalar MD Arlyn J. Apollo MD Maria I. Carlo MD Robert J. Motzer MD Martin H. Voss MD 《Cancer》2020,126(24):5247-5255
2.
"Central core disease" (CCD) is a rare disease of infancy and childhood and represents the prototypic member of a group of muscular disorders known as "congenital, benign (non progressive) myopathies". It is very uncommon to diagnose cases affected by CCD in youth and adulthood. The disease is mainly familial with a dominant autosomal pattern of inheritance, but sporadic cases are known to occur. The candidate gene has been localized on chromosome 19q13.1, and is allelic with RYR-1 ("ryanodine receptor" [calcium release channel gene]), the gene responsible of the susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. In some familial cases of CCD a susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia was also recognized. The diagnosis is only made based on muscular biopsy, which documents some peculiar morphological abnormalities, i.e. focal losses of oxidative enzyme activities, exclusively in type I muscular fibres. The basis for the loss of such activities is represented by an almost total absence of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum in those focal regions of muscle fibres. Cores may be "structured" and "unstructured" based on the reactivity with myosin ATPases, which ultrastructurally means preservation or destruction of myofilaments. Both structured and unstructured cores qualify this disease in the same way. The authors have observed two cases of CCD in patients in their non infantile age. Both diagnoses were accomplished by means of muscular biopsy, and the results of their studies in both cases are herein presented and discussed. 相似文献
3.
Mahesh K Goenka Shounak Majumder Usha Goenka 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2014,20(29):10024-10037
Video capsule endoscopy(CE)since its introduction 13years back,has revolutionized our approach to small intestinal diseases.Obscure gastrointestinal bleed(OGIB)continues to be the most important indication for CE with a high sensitivity,specificity as well as positive and negative predictive values.It is best performed during ongoing bleed or immediately thereafter.Overt OGIB has a higher diagnostic yield than occult OGIB.However,even in iron deficiency anemia,CE is emerging as important investigation after initial negative work up.In suspected Crohn’s disease(CD),CE has been shown superior to traditional imaging and endoscopic technique and should be considered after a negative ileocolonoscopy.Although CE has also been used for evaluating established CD,a high capsule retention rate precludes its use ahead of cross-sectional imaging.Celiac disease,particularly where gastro-duodenoscopy cannot be performed or is normal,can also be investigated by CE.Small bowel tumor,hereditary polyposis syndrome,and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced intestinal damage are other indications for CE.Capsule retention is the only significant adverse outcome of CE and occurs mostly in presence of intestinal obstruction.This can be prevented by use of Patency capsule prior to CE examination.Presence of cardiac pacemaker and intracardiac devices continue to be relative contraindications for CE,though data do not suggest interference of CE with these devices.Major limitations of CE today include failure to control its movement from outside,inability of CE to acquire tissue for diagnosis,and lack of therapeutic help.With ongoing interesting and exciting developments taking place in these areas,these issues would be solved in all probability in near future.CE has the potential to become one of the most important tools in diagnostic and possibly in the therapeutic field of gastrointestinal disorder. 相似文献
4.
Kate Fox Hamish Meffin Owen Burns Carla J. Abbott Penelope J. Allen Nicholas L. Opie Ceara McGowan Jonathan Yeoh Arman Ahnood Chi D. Luu Rosemary Cicione Alexia L. Saunders Michelle McPhedran Lisa Cardamone Joel Villalobos David J. Garrett David A. X. Nayagam Nicholas V. Apollo Kumaravelu Ganesan Mohit N. Shivdasani Alastair Stacey Mathilde Escudie Samantha Lichter Robert K. Shepherd Steven Prawer 《Artificial organs》2016,40(3):E12-E24
Successful visual prostheses require stable, long‐term attachment. Epiretinal prostheses, in particular, require attachment methods to fix the prosthesis onto the retina. The most common method is fixation with a retinal tack; however, tacks cause retinal trauma, and surgical proficiency is important to ensure optimal placement of the prosthesis near the macula. Accordingly, alternate attachment methods are required. In this study, we detail a novel method of magnetic attachment for an epiretinal prosthesis using two prostheses components positioned on opposing sides of the retina. The magnetic attachment technique was piloted in a feline animal model (chronic, nonrecovery implantation). We also detail a new method to reliably control the magnet coupling force using heat. It was found that the force exerted upon the tissue that separates the two components could be minimized as the measured force is proportionately smaller at the working distance. We thus detail, for the first time, a surgical method using customized magnets to position and affix an epiretinal prosthesis on the retina. The position of the epiretinal prosthesis is reliable, and its location on the retina is accurately controlled by the placement of a secondary magnet in the suprachoroidal location. The electrode position above the retina is less than 50 microns at the center of the device, although there were pressure points seen at the two edges due to curvature misalignment. The degree of retinal compression found in this study was unacceptably high; nevertheless, the normal structure of the retina remained intact under the electrodes. 相似文献
5.
Nicholas L. Opie Lauren N. Ayton Nicholas V. Apollo Kumaravelu Ganesan Robyn H. Guymer Chi D. Luu 《Artificial organs》2014,38(6):E82-E94
Retinitis pigmentosa affects over 1.5 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness. While retinal prostheses have shown some success in restoring basic levels of vision, only generic, “one‐size‐fits‐all” devices are currently being implanted. In this study, we used optical coherence tomography scans of the degenerated retina from 88 patients with retinitis pigmentosa to generate models of retinal thickness and curvature for the design of customized implants. We found the average retinal thickness at the fovea to be 152.9 ± 61.3 μm, increasing to a maximum retinal thickness of 250.9 ± 57.5 μm at a nasal eccentricity of 5°. These measures could be used to assist the development of custom‐made penetrating electrodes to enhance and optimize epiretinal prostheses. From the retinal thickness measurements, we determined that the optimal length of penetrating electrodes to selectively stimulate retinal ganglion cell bodies and interneuron axons in the ganglion cell layer should be 30–100 μm, and to preferentially stimulate interneurons in the inner nuclear layer, electrodes should be 100–200 μm long. Electrodes greater than 200 μm long had the potential to penetrate through the retina into the choroid, which could cause devastating complications to the eye and should be avoided. The two‐ and three‐dimensional models of retinal thickness developed in this study can be used to design patient‐specific epiretinal implants that will help with safety and to optimize the efficacy of neuronal stimulation, ensuring the best functional performance of the device for patients. 相似文献
6.
Kapural M Krizanac-Bengez Lj Barnett G Perl J Masaryk T Apollo D Rasmussen P Mayberg MR Janigro D 《Brain research》2002,940(1-2):102-104
Two brain-specific proteins, S-100β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), are released systemically after cerebral lesions, but S-100β levels sometimes rise in the absence of neuronal damage. We hypothesized that S-100β is a marker of blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage rather than of neuronal damage. We measured both proteins in the plasma of patients undergoing iatrogenic BBB disruption with mannitol, followed by chemotherapy. Serum S-100β increased significantly after mannitol infusion (P<0.05) while NSE did not. This suggests that S-100β is an early marker of BBB opening that is not necessarily related to neuronal damage. 相似文献
7.
Muwonge A Nanyunja M Rota PA Bwogi J Lowe L Liffick SL Bellini WJ Sylvester S 《Emerging infectious diseases》2005,11(10):1522-1526
We report the first genetic characterization of wildtype measles viruses from Uganda. Thirty-six virus isolates from outbreaks in 6 districts were analyzed from 2000 to 2002. Analyses of sequences of the nucleoprotein (N) and hemagglutinin (H) genes showed that the Ugandan isolates were all closely related, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these viruses were members of a unique group within clade D. Sequences of the Ugandan viruses were not closely related to any of the World Health Organization reference sequences representing the 22 currently recognized genotypes. The minimum nucleotide divergence between the Ugandan viruses and the most closely related reference strain, genotype D2, was 3.1% for the N gene and 2.6% for the H gene. Therefore, Ugandan viruses should be considered a new, proposed genotype (d10). This new sequence information will expand the utility of molecular epidemiologic techniques for describing measles transmission patterns in eastern Africa. 相似文献
8.
Corbett EL Makamure B Cheung YB Dauya E Matambo R Bandason T Munyati SS Mason PR Butterworth AE Hayes RJ 《AIDS (London, England)》2007,21(4):483-489
OBJECTIVE: To investigate HIV incidence during a trial of two voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) strategies. Counselling may promote beneficial behavioural change, although knowledge of negative status does not appear to contribute further benefit. DESIGN: The parent cluster-randomized trial demonstrated much greater uptake of VCT when counselling and rapid testing were available on-site (intensive VCT) than through pre-paid vouchers to an external provider (standard VCT). Anonymous HIV tests had been requested from all employees at enrolment and after 2 years intervention. METHODS: The study setting was 22 businesses in Harare, Zimbabwe. Participants were 3146 HIV-negative individuals remaining in employment at the end of intervention, of whom 2966 (94.3%) consented to repeat testing. VCT linked to basic HIV care was provided and the main outcome measures were HIV incidence under each study arm, as a retrospective secondary analysis. RESULTS: Mean VCT uptake in this cohort was 70.7 and 5.2%, respectively, in the intensive and standard arms. Crude HIV incidence was 1.21 per 100 person-years, with non-significantly higher rates in the intensive VCT arm [mean site incidence 1.37 and 0.95 per 100 person-years, respectively; adjusted rate ratio 1.49 (95% confidence interval 0.79-2.80). CONCLUSIONS: Highly acceptable VCT did not reduce HIV incidence in this predominantly male cohort. HIV incidence was highest in the high uptake VCT arm, lending support to a US trial in which rapid testing appeared to have adverse behavioural consequences in some HIV-negative clients. Careful comparison of outcomes under different counselling and testing strategies is needed to maximize HIV prevention from global scale-up of VCT. 相似文献
9.
The Safety and Efficacy of Single‐Agent Pemetrexed in Platinum‐Resistant Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: A Large Single‐Institution Experience 下载免费PDF全文
Richard M. Bambury Joshua L. Chaim Emily C. Zabor John Sullivan Ilana R. Garcia‐Grossman Ashley M. Regazzi Irina Ostrovnaya Aryln Apollo Han Xiao Martin H. Voss Gopa Iyer Dean F. Bajorin Jonathan E. Rosenberg 《The oncologist》2015,20(5):508-515
Background.
Pemetrexed is a commonly used treatment for platinum-resistant advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) based on objective response rates of 8% and 28% in two small phase II studies. To address the discrepancy in reported response rates and to assess efficacy and toxicity outside of a clinical trial setting, we performed a large retrospective analysis of pemetrexed use at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. We also investigated candidate prognostic factors for overall survival in this setting to explore whether the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) had independent prognostic significance.Patients and Methods.
Patients receiving pemetrexed for platinum-resistant advanced UC between 2008 and 2013 were identified. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST, version 1.1) were used to determine response rate. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to examine the association of various factors with efficacy and survival outcomes. Hematologic toxicity and laboratory abnormalities were recorded.Results.
One hundred and twenty-nine patients were treated with pemetrexed. The objective response rate was 5% (95% confidence interval: 1%–9%), and the median duration of response was 8 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.4 months, and the 6-month PFS rate was 14%. There was no significant difference in response rate by age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, or number of prior therapies. On multivariable analysis, ECOG performance status (p < .01), liver metastases (p = .02), and NLR (p < .01) had independent prognostic significance for overall survival.Conclusion.
This 129-patient series is the largest reported data set describing pemetrexed use in advanced UC. Activity was modest, although discovery of molecular biomarkers predictive of response would be valuable to identify the small subset of patients who do gain significant benefit. Overall, the data highlight the urgent need to develop novel therapies for these patients. 相似文献10.