全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2566篇 |
免费 | 149篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 29篇 |
儿科学 | 56篇 |
妇产科学 | 129篇 |
基础医学 | 245篇 |
口腔科学 | 72篇 |
临床医学 | 210篇 |
内科学 | 536篇 |
皮肤病学 | 30篇 |
神经病学 | 183篇 |
特种医学 | 109篇 |
外国民族医学 | 3篇 |
外科学 | 470篇 |
综合类 | 27篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 113篇 |
眼科学 | 111篇 |
药学 | 165篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 235篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 55篇 |
2021年 | 110篇 |
2020年 | 78篇 |
2019年 | 104篇 |
2018年 | 159篇 |
2017年 | 111篇 |
2016年 | 87篇 |
2015年 | 90篇 |
2014年 | 123篇 |
2013年 | 145篇 |
2012年 | 223篇 |
2011年 | 219篇 |
2010年 | 138篇 |
2009年 | 91篇 |
2008年 | 159篇 |
2007年 | 153篇 |
2006年 | 126篇 |
2005年 | 119篇 |
2004年 | 108篇 |
2003年 | 112篇 |
2002年 | 98篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2728条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Tarek A. Amer Tarek F. Elwakil Mahmoud S. Elbasiouny 《European journal of plastic surgery》2007,30(2):67-73
Haemangiomas are the most common tumours of infancy. They typically proliferate then involute with considerable variation
as regards to their rates of proliferation and involution. Haemangioma of the nasal tip is a lesion of special characteristics.
During proliferation, it expands, contracts and deviates the nasal cartilages. Particularly, it regresses slowly and frequently
involutes incompletely. That is why excision of the lesion is frequently suggested. The present study was conducted to evaluate
open rhinoplasty after initial non-excision treatment modalities namely, intra-lesional corticosteroid injections and laser
treatment, as a protocol of treatment for nasal tip haemangiomas. Twelve patients with nasal tip haemangiomas were included
in the present study. Patients of both sexes, of different ages, with deep and mixed haemangiomas were studied. Disfigurement
was the constant presenting symptom. Initial non-excision treatment reported different responses as denoted by the regression
of the lesions’ size. Haemangiomas constantly extended between the medial crura of the alar cartilages as noted by the constant
widening of the columella pre-operatively and the obvious separation of the nasal cartilages intra-operatively. This separation
was constantly found to require approximation by sutures. The results of the present study concluded that whenever an early
presentation with nasal tip haemangioma could be established, initial non-excision treatment followed by open rhinoplasty
could be a useful protocol of treatment. Within the limitations of the present study, this protocol could achieve an early,
safe and effective treatment for nasal tip haemangiomas with provisionally acceptable cosmetic outcomes so far. 相似文献
2.
Cognitive functioning and psychiatric symptomatology in patients with chronic hepatitis C. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Robin C Hilsabeck Tarek I Hassanein Meghan D Carlson Elizabeth A Ziegler William Perry 《Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society》2003,9(6):847-854
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public-health-care problem, with over 170 million infected worldwide. Patients with chronic HCV infection often complain of various cognitive problems as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Relatively little is known, however, about the specific cognitive deficits that are common among HCV patients, and the influence of psychiatric symptomatology on cognitive functioning. In the current study of 21 chronically infected HCV patients, we assessed subjective cognitive dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and fatigue and compared these symptom areas to cognitive tests assessing visuoconstruction, learning, memory, visual attention, psychomotor speed, and mental flexibility. Results revealed that cognitive impairment ranged from 9% of patients on a visuoconstruction task to 38% of patients on a measure of complex attention, visual scanning and tracking, and psychomotor speed, and greater HCV disease severity as indicated by liver fibrosis was associated with greater cognitive dysfunction. Objective cognitive impairment was not related to subjective cognitive complaints or psychiatric symptomatology. These findings suggest that a significant portion of patients with chronic HCV experience cognitive difficulties that may interfere with activities of daily living and quality of life. Future research using cognitive measures with HCV-infected patients may assist researchers in identifying if there is a direct effect of HCV infection on the brain and which patients may be more likely to progress to cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. 相似文献
3.
Tarek Sadek Hakim Mazouz Hedi Bahloul Roxana Oprisiu Najeh El Esper Isabelle El Esper Francis Boitte Michel Brazier Philippe Moriniere Albert Fournier 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2003,18(3):582-588
BACKGROUND: Sevelamer hydrochloride was recently proposed as a phosphate binder to prevent hypercalcaemia in place of calcium alkaline salts in dialysis patients. So far, it has been evaluated only in patients receiving calcitriol, without comparison with CaCO(3) alone, although the latter was found to be as effective as the combination of calcitriol and Al(OH)(3) in suppressing parathyroid hormone (PTH) without inducing hypercalcaemia and to have a better lowering effect on serum phosphate. Moreover, this bile salt binder may decrease serum 25-OH vitamin D. Therefore, we compared for 5 months two strategies for controlling moderate hyperparathyroidism: CaCO(3) alone vs sevelamer in conjunction with measures to increase calcium balance. METHODS: Forty-two patients were randomized: 21 continued their treatment with 4.8 g/day CaCO(3) and 21 were switched to sevelamer (initial dose: 2.4 g/day, increased to 4.4 g/day). Each month, when serum-corrected calcium decreased below 2.30 mmol/l, dialysate calcium was increased or alphacalcidol was given at each dialysis session, according to serum PO(4) levels. The following parameters were monitored: serum Ca, PO(4), bicarbonate and protein, weekly; and serum PTH, 25-OH vitamin D and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol monthly. RESULTS: Except for higher serum phosphate at month 1, lower serum bicarbonate at month 2 and lower LDL cholesterol at month 5 in the sevelamer group, no difference was found between the two groups. Compared with baseline levels, PTH increased and 25-OH vitamin D decreased significantly in both groups, these two parameters being inversely correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Given comparable control of plasma calcium, phosphate and 25-OH vitamin D, PTH control is comparable in both strategies. Sevelamer does not induce greater vitamin D depletion than CaCO(3). The transient decrease of serum bicarbonate after discontinuation of CaCO(3) in the sevelamer group suggests a less optimal prevention of acidosis. The sevelamer-induced decrease in LDL cholesterol gives this drug a potential advantage in cardiovascular prevention. 相似文献
4.
Elghetany MT Molina CP Patel J Martinez J Schwab H Velagaleti GV 《Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics》2002,136(1):38-42
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are associated with cell maturation defects that can manifest as abnormal surface antigen expression. We describe a patient with refractory anemia with excess blasts, who presented with infection and extensive dysplastic features in peripheral blood granulocytes. The granulocytes expressed CD11b, CD13, CD15, CD33, and CD43. The granulocytes also expressed CD4 antigen. Cytogenetic analysis showed a clonal t(5;12)(q33;p13). The patient improved on antibiotics with partial improvement in the dysplastic features. However, shortly after, the patient experienced paravertebral extramedullary blast transformation followed by a leukemia phase of acute monoblastic leukemia. The patient died a few days later. This is the first report describing anomalous expression of CD4 on granulocytes in MDS. Since the breakpoint on chromosome 12 is near the CD4 gene, which is mapped to 12p12, we hypothesize that dysregulation of the CD4 gene may have occurred resulting in its persistent expression on mature and maturing granulocytes. 相似文献
5.
Evaluation of {beta}-endorphin and interleukin-6 in seminal plasma of patients with certain andrological diseases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zalata Adel; Hafez Tarek; Van Hoecke Marie Jose; Comhaire Frank 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1995,10(12):3161-3165
Human semen contains large amounts of opioid peptides and cytokines.We have measured the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 in140 semen samples and of -endorphinin 77 semen samples. Themedian concentration of endorphinin seminal plasma from normozoospermicmen(n = 23) was 154.7 pg/ml (10th90th percentiles, 42.0774.6),and there was no significant difference in the -endorphin concentrationamong normozoospermic, oligozoospermic (n= 28), asthenozoospermic(n= 15), azoospermic(n= 4) and post-vasectomy (n= 7) samples.There was no correlation between -endorphin concentration andsperm characteristics, nor with blood hormones. Endorphinconcentration was lower in cases with immunelogical infertility,as revealed by a positive direct mixedantiglobulin reactiontest (n = 12) ( > 0.01), than inmatched controls. The medianconcentration of IL-6 insamples with normal sperm concentration,motility andmorphology with or without white blood cells (n=39) was 26.1 pg/ml (10th90th percentiles, 7.3172.3),and there was no significant difference in the IL-6 concentrationamong normozoospermic, oligozoospermic (n= 46),asthenozoospermic(n= 32), azoospermic (n= 13) and post-vasectomy (n= 10) samples.The IL-6 concentration was significantly higher in cases ofvaricocele (n= 22)without white blood cells in semen (P <0.001) than in matched controls without varicocele (n= 23).In addition, the IL-6 concentration was elevated (P < 0.0001)in cases with accessory sex gland inflammation (n= 40). IL-6concentration was positively correlated with white blood cellsin semen (n= 60, r = 0.59, P < 0.0001), but there was nocorrelation with -endorphin concentration. The IL-6 concentrationchosen to differentiate between cases with and without accessorygland inflammation was 45.3 pg/ml, with a specificity of 80.6%and a sensitivity of 92.5%. It is concluded that -endorphinin seminal plasma playsan immune suppressive role, and thatincreased IL-6 concentration may be related to testicular dysfunctionincases with varicocele. Furthermore, IL-6 is an accurate markerof accessory sex gland inflammation. 相似文献
6.
Bernard Boutevin Yves Pitrasanta Mohamed Taha Tarek El Sarraf 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1983,184(12):2401-2407
New macromers 4, 8, and 10, containing ester, alcohol, or acid functions, were prepared starting with vinyl chloride (CV) or vinylidene dichloride (CV2). The telomer 1, resulting from CV2 and CCI4 was telomerized with allyl acetate and the product was transformed into the acrylate 4 by hydrolysis of the reaction product and subsequent esterification. Macromers 8 and 10 were prepared from CV by radical telomerization with thioglycolic acid (7) and 2-mercaptoethanol (9), respectively. Reactive double bonds were introduced into these macromers by reaction with acrylic acid, Vinyl chloroformate, methacryloyl chloride, or 2,3 -epoxypropyle methacrylate, leading to new macromers 12, 13, 14, and 15, respectively. 相似文献
7.
Tarek Debs Niccolo Petrucciani Sebastian Frey Carine Korkmaz Katharina Hufschmidt Eric Sejor Houssam Eddine Bitar Imed Ben Amor Antonio Iannelli Jean Gugenheim 《Surgery for obesity and related diseases》2021,17(5):901-908
BackgroundBariatric surgery has become widely performed for treating patients with morbid obesity, and the age limits are being pushed further and further as the procedure proves safe. After massive weight loss, many of those patients seek body-contouring surgery for excess skin and fat.ObjectivesTo analyze the feasibility and the safety of abdominoplasty in patients older than 55 years old after bariatric surgery.SettingUniversity hospital medical center.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from patients aged older than 55 years who had undergone abdominoplasty following massive weight loss due to a bariatric surgery at a single institution from 2004 to 2017. The data analyzed included age, gender, preoperative body mass index, associated interventions, co-morbidities, and postoperative complications.ResultsWe retrieved records for 104 patients; 85.6% percent of them were female, and the mean age was 60.1 ± 3.9 years old. Of the 104 patients, 21 (20.2%) underwent a sleeve gastrectomy and 77 (74%) underwent a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The mean interval between the bariatric surgery and the abdominoplasty was 33.6 ± 26.9 months. The mean preoperative weight and body mass index were 76.1 ± 14.5 kg and 28.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2, respectively. A total complication rate of 20% was observed. The only factor significantly associated with postoperative morbidity was the associated procedure (P = .03), when we performed another procedure at the same time as the abdominoplasty. Complications included postoperative bleeding in 5 patients (4.8%), seromas in 5 patients (4.8%), surgical site infections in 12 patients (11.5%), and wound dehiscence or ischemia in 2 patients (1.9%). No mortality occurred.ConclusionAbdominoplasty can be safely performed in carefully selected patients older than 55 years old after weight loss surgery, and does not present increased morbidity or mortality. We recommend that surgeons avoid adding concomitant procedures when possible, to decrease the risk of complications. It is also important to look at the patient’s previous maximum BMI levels, as a higher maximum BMI can predict higher postoperative risks and longer hospital stays. 相似文献
8.
Tarek Alhamad Michelle Lubetzky Krista L. Lentine Emmanuel Edusei Ronald Parsons Martha Pavlakis Kenneth J. Woodside Deborah Adey Christopher D. Blosser Beatrice P. Concepcion John Friedewald Alexander Wiseman Neeraj Singh Su-Hsin Chang Gaurav Gupta Miklos Z. Molnar Arpita Basu Edward Kraus Song Ong Arman Faravardeh Ekamol Tantisattamo Leonardo Riella Jim Rice Darshana M. Dadhania 《American journal of transplantation》2021,21(9):3034-3042
Kidney allograft failure and return to dialysis carry a high risk of morbidity. A practice survey was developed by the AST Kidney Pancreas Community of Practice workgroup and distributed electronically to the AST members. There were 104 respondents who represented 92 kidney transplant centers. Most survey respondents were transplant nephrologists at academic centers. The most common approach to immunosuppression management was to withdraw the antimetabolite first (73%), while only 12% responded they would withdraw calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) first. More than 60% reported that the availability of a living donor is the most important factor in their decision to taper immunosuppression, followed by risk of infection, risk of sensitization, frailty, and side effects of medications. More than half of respondents reported that embolization was either not available or offered to less than 10% as an option for surgical intervention. Majority reported that ≤50% of failed allograft patients were re-listed before dialysis, and less than a quarter of transplant nephrologists performed frequent visits with their patients with failed kidney allograft after they return to dialysis. This survey demonstrates heterogeneity in the care of patients with a failing allograft and the need for more evidence to guide improvements in clinical practice related to transition of care. 相似文献
9.
Tarek Taha Wei Phin Tan Ahmed Elshafei Alireza Aminsharifi Robert Given Michael L. Cher Thomas J. Polascik 《Current Urology》2021,15(2):79
Background:This study aimed to compare the oncological and functional outcomes of primary whole gland cryoablation of the prostate using the variable ice cryoprobe (V-Probe®) and the conventional fixed-size ice probe.Materials and methods:We reviewed the Cryo On-Line Data Registry for men who were treated with primary whole gland prostate cryoablation from 2000 through 2017. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare timing to biochemical recurrence between the V-Probe® and fixed-size ice probe after adjusting for preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy, preoperative Gleason score, and preoperative T stage.Results:A total of 1124 men were included. Median age, Gleason score, and pretreatment PSA were 70 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 65–74 years), 7 (IQR: 6–7) and 5.9 ng/mL (IQR: 4.6–8.1 ng/mL), respectively. The median follow-up time was 25.0 months (IQR: 11.2–48.6 months). V-Probes® were used in 269 (23.9%) cases and fixed-size ice probes in 858 (76.1%) cases. After adjusting for clinical T stage, PSA, neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and preoperative Gleason score, on the multivariate Cox regression model, we found that there was no significant difference between the type of probe and timing to biochemical recurrence (p = 0.35). On multivariate logistic regression, using the V-Probe® was associated with a 91% increase in postoperative urinary retention compared to the fixed-size ice probe (p = 0.003).Conclusions:The use of the V-Probe® versus conventional fixed-size ice probe was not associated with a difference in biochemical recurrence in patients undergoing primary cryoablation of the prostate. 相似文献
10.
Demonstration of a second rapidly conducting cortico-diaphragmatic pathway in humans 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
Tarek Sharshar Nicholas S. Hopkinson Sophie Jonville Hélène Prigent Robert Carlier Mark J. Dayer Elisabeth B. Swallow Frédéric Lofaso John Moxham Michael I. Polkey 《The Journal of physiology》2004,560(3):897-908
Functional imaging studies in normal humans have shown that the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary motor cortex (PMC) are coactivated during various breathing tasks. It is not known whether a direct pathway from the SMA to the diaphragm exists, and if so what properties it has. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) a site at the vertex, representing the diaphragm primary motor cortex, has been identified. TMS mapping revealed a second area 3 cm anterior to the vertex overlying the SMA, which had a rapidly conducting pathway to the diaphragm (mean latency 16.7 ± 2.4 ms). In comparison to the vertex, the anterior position was characterized by a higher diaphragm motor threshold, a greater proportional increase in motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude with voluntary facilitation and a shorter silent period. Stimulus–response curves did not differ significantly between the vertex and anterior positions. Using paired TMS, we also compared intracortical inhibition/facilitation (ICI/ICF) curves. In comparison to the vertex, the MEP elicited from the anterior position was not inhibited at short interstimulus intervals (1–5 ms) and was more facilitated at long interstimulus intervals (9–20 ms). The patterns of response were identical for the costal and crural diaphragms. We conclude that the two coil positions represent discrete areas that are likely to be the PMC and SMA, with the latter wielding a more excitatory effect on the diaphragm. 相似文献