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1.
Barley chromosomes were prepared for high-resolution scanning electron microscopy using a combination of enzyme maceration, treatment in acetic acid and osmium impregnation using thiocarbohydrazide. Using this technique, the three-dimensional ultra-structure of interphase nuclei and mitotic chromosomes was examined. In interphase, different levels of chromatin condensation were observed, consisting of fibrils 10 nm in diameter, 20- to 40-nm fibres and a higher order complex. In prophase, globular and strand-like structures composed of 20- to 40-nm fibres were dominant. As the cells progressed through the cell cycle and the chromatin condensed, globular and strand-like structures (chromomeres) were coiled and packed to form chromosomes. Chromomeres were observed as globular protuberances on the surface of metaphase chromosomes. These findings indicate that the chromomere is a fundamental substructure of the higher order architecture of the chromosome. In the centromeric region, there were no globular protuberances, but 20- to 40-nm fibres were folded compactly to form a higher level organization surrounding the chromosomal axis. 相似文献
2.
Saneyuki Takaichi Takashi Muramatsu Jong-Min Lee Han-Sung Jung Naoshi Shinozaki Akira Katakura Gen-yuki Yamane 《ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA》2014,47(5):195-201
Alkaline conditions in the oral cavity may be caused by a variety of stimuli, including tobacco products, antacids, alkaline drinking water and bicarbonate toothpaste. However, the effects of an alkaline pH on the oral mucosa had not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate how basal keratinocytes are actively involved in re-epithelialization after alkaline chemical injury. We generated epithelial defects in the oral mucosa of mice by applying an alkaline chemical, and the localization of cytokeratin 13, cytokeratin 14, PCNA and p63 was investigated during the re-epithelialization process. PCNA- and p63-positive staining was seen in basal cells covering the wound surface at 1 day after the chemical injury. Cytokeratin 14-positive and PCNA-negative basal keratinocytes were localized in a few layers of the wound epithelium during epithelial outgrowth. Cytokeratin 14-positive and PCNA-positive basal keratinocytes, indicating proliferation, were localized over the entire layer of the epithelium at the wound margin. These results imply that basal keratinocytes at the wound margin migrate to the wound surface, provoke differentiation and keratinization during epithelial outgrowth and that epithelial cells are supplied from the wound margin to the epithelial outgrowth after alkaline chemical injury. 相似文献
3.
Ruka Hirai Tatsuki Hibino Takaichi Watanabe Takashi Teranishi Tsutomu Ono 《RSC advances》2020,10(62):37743
Clickable α-azide-ω-alkyne ionic liquid monomers were developed and subsequently applied to the one-pot synthesis of ionically conducting poly(ionic liquid)s with 1,2,3-triazolium-based backbones through a click chemistry strategy. This approach does not require the use of solvents, polymerisation mediators, or catalysts. The obtained poly(ionic liquid)s were characterized by NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and impedance spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, these poly(ionic liquid)s were cross-linked via N-alkylation with a dianion quarternizing agent to achieve enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. The resulting free-standing films showed a Young''s modulus up to 4.8 MPa and ionic conductivities up to 4.60 × 10−8 S cm−1 at 30 °C. This facile synthetic strategy has the potential to expand the availability of poly(ionic liquid)s and promote the development of functional materials.Clickable ionic liquid monomers realize the one-pot synthesis of ionically conducting poly(ionic liquid)s with 1,2,3-triazolium-based backbones via click chemistry. 相似文献
4.
J. Hoshino M.J. Everly H. Kaneku Y. Ubara K. Takaichi P.I. Terasaki 《Transplantation proceedings》2014
Background
Although anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) is associated with graft loss, 3 things remain unclear: whether the duration and strength of DSA affect renal function; what mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) cut-off should be used; and whether the DSA effect is additive in case of multiple DSAs.Methods
A study was made of 63 patients who received living donor kidney transplants with clonal deletion protocol and were followed up for 18 months with reduced doses of immunosuppressants. DSA was tested for monthly, using Luminex Mixed and Single Antigen beads (One Lambda, Inc., Canoga Park, CA, USA). Decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was obtained at baseline and 18 months after transplantation. Association of renal damage and DSAs was compared using several DSA models with several MFI cut-offs.Results
Additive DSA models always showed better association with renal damage than comprehensive models. When calculating the DSA effect in additive models, “proxy-area under the curve” (AUC)—a triangular approximation of the actual AUC—showed better association with renal damage than did DSA duration (R2 = 0.105 vs 0.087). Adjusting for other factors, 27% of the variation of GFR change was explained by proxy-AUC. No significant change of association occurred if the MFI cut-off level changed from 1000 to 3000.Conclusion
Our results support the association of DSA with development of longitudinal renal damage. The clinical interpretation may be similar at MFI cut-offs of 1000, 2000, and 3000. An additive DSA effect may be expected in patients with multiple DSAs. Our study suggests the importance of frequently checking for DSA and reducing their MFI value to minimize renal damage by the antibodies. 相似文献5.
Rikako Hiramatsu Junichi Hoshino Tatsuya Suwabe Keiichi Sumida Eiko Hasegawa Masayuki Yamanouchi Noriko Hayami Naoki Sawa Kenmei Takaichi Kenichi Ohashi Takashi Fujii Yoshifumi Ubara 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2014,18(1):88-94
Background
Previous studies on membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and cryoglobulinemic glomerulopathy (CG) were based upon case series that were performed before hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was routinely investigated. Therefore, it remains unknown how far HCV contributes to MPGN or CG, and there have only been a few reports about HCV-negative idiopathic MPGN.Patients and methods
Thirty-five patients with MPGN diagnosed by renal biopsy who underwent examination for HCV infection at our institute between 1990 and 2008 were recruited for this study. Patients with HCV infection at presentation were included, but patients with complications such as underlying lymphoproliferative disorders, autoimmune diseases like lupus nephritis, infection, and liver disease due to hepatitis B virus or alcohol abuse were excluded. A total of 35 patients were enrolled and they were divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of circulating cryoglobulins (cryo). The 23 patients who had cryo-negative and HCV-negative idiopathic MPGN were divided into subgroups with type 1 and type 3 disease.Results
In the cryo-positive group (n = 9), 7 patients were positive for HCV infection, while 2 patients were negative. In the cryo-negative group (n = 26), 3 patients were positive for HCV infection, while 23 patients were negative (idiopathic MPGN). Compared with the cryo-negative group, the cryo-positive group had several characteristics such as more severe thrombocytopenia, higher serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels, lower levels of hemolytic complement (CH50) and complement component (C)4, predominant IgM staining, and type 1 histology. Patients with cryo-negative and HCV-negative ‘idiopathic’ MPGN showed predominant staining for IgG in both type 1 and type 3 cases, unlike the predominant staining for IgM in the cryo-positive group. Compared with type 3 cases, type 1 cases had a younger age, lower levels of CH50, C3 and C4, and less proteinuria. In the cryo-positive group, 4 patients (44.4 %) died, with death from B cell lymphoma and liver failure in 2 patients each, while 1 patient (8 %) developed end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis. In contrast, all patients in the cryo-negative group remained alive during follow-up, although 4 patients (2 type 1 cases and 2 type 3 cases) required dialysis.Conclusion
Cryo-positive MPGN shows a close relationship with HCV infection and IgM, resulting in a poor prognosis. Cryo-negative and HCV-negative idiopathic MPGN has a close relationship with IgG staining, and type 1 cases feature characteristics such as a younger age, more severe hypocomplementemia, and less proteinuria than in type 3 cases. 相似文献6.
7.
Interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor in the colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
8.
9.
Kato T Ubara Y Tagami T Sawa N Hoshino J Suwabe T Yamagata T Katori H Takemoto F Hara S Matoba S Takaichi K 《Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)》2005,44(4):311-314
We report an 83-year-old Japanese male with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which was marked by unusually enlarged kidneys, and in whom ileus occurred after administration of procainamide. The bowels became swollen and ruptured the skin and appeared on the outside of the skin. Even after the ileus state was resolved, the projected intestinal tract was not restored due to a large defect of the skin, and ostomy was performed. Abdominal hernia including lateral ventral hernia due to enlarged kidneys may result in perforation of the abdominal wall as well as intestinal wall. 相似文献
10.
Suwabe T Ubara Y Tagami T Sawa N Hoshino J Katori H Takemoto F Hara S Aita K Hara S Takaichi K 《Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)》2005,44(8):853-858
A 68-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of nephrotic-range proteinuria and a course suggesting rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody against myeloperoxidase (MPO) was 204 U/ml. A renal biopsy specimen revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent formation. However, immunofluorescence showed staining with IgG and C3 along capillary walls. IgG positivity included both IgG1 and IgG4. Electron microscopic examination disclosed both paramesangial and subepithelial deposits. This case suggests that rarely, MPO-ANCA-related crescentic glomerulonephritis may present nephrotic-range proteinuria and show immune deposits along capillary walls. 相似文献