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Sugeedha?Jeyapal Uday?Kumar?Putcha Venkata?Surekha?Mullapudi Sudip?Ghosh Anil?Sakamuri Suryam?Reddy?Kona Sai?Santosh?Vadakattu Chandana?Madakasira Ahamed?IbrahimEmail authorView authors OrcID profile 《European journal of nutrition》2018,57(6):2171-2187
Purpose
Consumption of Western diet high in fat and fructose has been attributed to the recent epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the impact of specific fatty acids on the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the chronic effects of consumption of fructose in combination with saturated fatty acids (SFA) or trans fatty acids (TFA) on the development of NAFLD.Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six isocaloric starch/high fructose (44% of calories), high fat (39% calories) diet containing either starch–peanut oil, fructose–peanut oil, fructose–palmolein, fructose–clarified butter, fructose–coconut oil or fructose–partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and fed for 24 weeks. Palmolein, clarified butter and coconut oil were used as the source of SFA whereas partially hydrogenated vegetable oil was used as the source of TFA. Peanut oil was used as the reference oil.Results
Long-term feeding of fructose in combination with SFA or TFA induced hepatic steatosis of similar extent associated with upregulation of stearoyl CoA desaturase-1. In contrast, fructose in combination with TFA induced NASH with fibrosis as evidenced by upregulation of hepatic proinflammatory cytokine and fibrogenic gene expression, increased hepatic oxidative stress and adipocytokine imbalance. Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of NASH with fibrosis. Further, peanut oil prevented the development of NAFLD in fructose-fed rats.Conclusion
Fructose in combination with TFA caused NASH with fibrosis by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas, fructose in combination with SFA caused simple steatosis, suggesting that the type of fatty acid is more important for the progression of NAFLD.3.
Sanjeev K Mittal Sunita Mittal Neeraj K Saraswat Surekha Kishore Ajai Agrawal Anupam Singh Ramanuj Samanta Yogesh A Bahurupi 《Indian journal of ophthalmology》2022,70(1):249
Purpose:To estimate prevalence of common ocular morbidities including color blindness among school-attending children of an urban foothill town of Uttarakhand State in Northern India.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among school-going children of age group 6–16 years of standard I–XII. Schools were selected using population proportionate to the size sampling technique. Detailed ocular examination including color vision and unaided or aided visual acuity for various ocular morbidities was done. Data was entered into MS excel with statistical analysis using SPSS version 23 with significant P value <0.05.Results:In total, 13,492 students (mean age 10.9 ± 2.7 years) with almost equal male to female ratio were screened. Overall prevalence of ocular morbidity was 23.2%, with refractive error (18.5%) on top, followed by color blindness (2.2%). The later was observed more among males (3.0%) as compared to females (1.4%) with significantly higher odds, OR = 2.3 (1.7–2.9) (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Refractive error has been the most common ocular morbidity, followed by color blindness. Earliest detection can prevent permanent disability and disappointment among youngsters when rejected from entering certain professions due to color vision defect. 相似文献
4.
Supratikto G Wirth ME Achadi E Cohen S Ronsmans C 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2002,80(3):228-234
A district-based audit of maternal and perinatal mortality began during 1994 in three provinces of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Both medical and non-medical factors were documented and an effort was made to progress from merely assessing substandard care to recommending improvements in access to care and the quality of care. Extensive discussions of cases of maternal death were held during regular meetings with providers, policy-makers and community members. The sources of information included verbal autopsies with family members and medical records. Between 1995 and 1999 the audit reviewed 130 maternal deaths. The leading causes of death were haemorrhage (41%) and hypertensive diseases (32%). Delays in decision-making and poor quality of care in health facilities were seen as contributory factors in 77% and 60% of the deaths, respectively. Economic constraints were believed to have contributed to 37% of the deaths. The distance between a patient's home and a health provider or facility did not appear to have a significant influence, nor did transport problems. The audit led to changes in the quality of obstetric care in the district. Its success was particularly attributable to the process of accountability of both health providers and policy-makers and to improved working relationships between health providers at different levels and between providers and the community. With a view to the continuation and further expansion of the audit it may be necessary to reconsider the role of the provincial team, the need of health providers for confidentiality, the added benefit of facility-based audits, the need to incorporate scientific evidence into the review process, and the possible consideration of severe complications as well as deaths. It may also be necessary to recognize that village midwives are not solely responsible for maternal deaths. 相似文献
5.
Flavonoids and related polyphenolics with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities may play a role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation. We wished to determine the effects of cocoa extract supplementation on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Healthy subjects (n = 25) were studied at baseline, after cocoa supplementation (36.9 g of dark chocolate bar and 30.95 g of cocoa powder drink) for 6 wk and after a 6-wk washout period. Fasting blood and early morning urine were collected at the three time points. Two indices of flavonoid intake, total phenols and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of plasma, were measured after an overnight fast. Neither was affected by supplementation. Measures of oxidative stress included copper-catalyzed LDL oxidation kinetics and urinary F(2) isoprostanes. LDL oxidizability was lower after chocolate supplementation as evidenced by a longer lag time (P < 0.05) of conjugated diene formation (101.0 +/- 20.7 min) compared with baseline (91.3 +/- 18.0 min) and washout (96.4 +/- 7.5 min) phases. There was no effect of chocolate on urinary F(2) isoprostane levels or on markers of inflammation including the whole-blood cytokines, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and P-selectin. In conclusion, cocoa products supplementation in humans affects LDL oxidizability, but not urinary F(2) isoprostanes or markers of inflammation. 相似文献
6.
Rapuano BE Boursiquot R Tomin E Macdonald DE Maddula S Raghavan D Lane JM Helfet DL 《Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery》2008,128(3):333-344
Introduction Traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common clinical condition associated with various orthopedic procedures that
involve injury to soft tissues near bone. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the prophylactic effects of NSAID’s
in the treatment of HO are mediated via inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme. Here we describe a rat model that simulates HO in
the human that was used to test the above hypothesis.
Materials and methods Heterotopic ossification was surgically induced in the quadriceps by injury to the muscle and femoral periosteum and transplantation
of donor bone marrow cells containing osteoprogenitors into the site of injury. HO was imaged and quantified by micro-CT scanning
of femurs removed from sacrificed animals at 6 weeks post-injury, three-dimensional computer reconstructions of the scanned
bones and computer-assisted morphometric analysis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis was quantified using an enzyme immunoassay system. The effects of a nonselective COX inhibitor or specific inhibitors
of COX-1 or COX-2 following oral administration on the content of ectopic bone and PGE2 were also measured.
Results Micro-CT and histological analyses demonstrated that all of the femurs in operated limbs developed HO in the vastus lateralis
muscle belly of the quadriceps close to the anterior femur. Only the COX-1,2 nonselective and COX-2 inhibitors significantly
decreased HO formation (by about one-third in each case; P < 0.05). PGE2 synthesis at the site of injury was increased 50- and 100-fold (to 25 ng/g tissue) within 1 and 7 days, respectively, post-injury
with the levels declining to near baseline within 2 weeks of surgery. Both the COX-1,2 nonselective and COX-2 inhibitors significantly
decreased PGE2 levels to 25% of control HO levels within 24 h of the first administration, even at low dosages. The COX-1 inhibitor only
produced the same effect after 1 week of administration.
Conclusion These findings suggest that although inhibitors of COX-2 or COX-1 reduced PGE2 synthesis, only the COX-2 enzyme plays a role in the mechanism of traumatic HO. 相似文献
7.
Serum magnesium: an early predictor of course and complications of diabetes mellitus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sharma A Dabla S Agrawal RP Barjatya H Kochar DK Kothari RP 《Journal of the Indian Medical Association》2007,105(1):16, 18, 20
The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between serum magnesium and course of diabetes mellitus and also to find out, if there is any relation between serum magnesium and various complications of diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between serum magnesium in 50 type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with or without complications and 40 normal healthy persons. Serum magneisum estimation was done using calmagite dye method using autoanalyser (Beckman DU clin systems). Serum magnesium levels in diabetic population was significantly low (1.93 +/- 0.282 meq/l) in comparison to control (2.25 +/- 0.429 meq/l). It was statistically significant (+3.84; p < 0.005). Serum magnesium was significantly low in diabetes with complication than without complications (p < 0.001). Duration of diabetes and serum magnesium were inversely related. Poor glycaemic control was associated with hypomagnesaemia (-2.623; p < 0.05). There was strong association between hypomagnesaemia and retinopathy (1.76 +/- 0.26), obesity (1.878 +/- 0.326) and hypertension (1.75 +/- 0.071) and it was statistically significantly (p < 0.005, 0.042, 0.000 respectively). Hence it is concluded that the change in serum magnesium level may have a bearing on the complication and morbidity in patients of diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
8.
A 1-year-old male child with isosexual central (gonadotropin-dependent) precocious puberty caused by hypothalamic hamartoma is reported. Details of the diagnosis based solely on neuromaging characteristics, and satisfactory results of medical treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist analogues, are highlighted. 相似文献
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10.
Japanese Encephalitis Outbreak, India, 2005 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Parida M Dash PK Tripathi NK Ambuj Sannarangaiah S Saxena P Agarwal S Sahni AK Singh SP Rathi AK Bhargava R Abhyankar A Verma SK Rao PV Sekhar K 《Emerging infectious diseases》2006,12(9):1427-1430
An outbreak of viral encephalitis occurred in Gorakhpur, India, from July through November 2005. The etiologic agent was confirmed to be Japanese encephalitis virus by analyzing 326 acute-phase clinical specimens for virus-specific antibodies and viral RNA and by virus isolation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belonged to genogroup 3. 相似文献