Recommendations for the Conduct of Acute Inhalation Limit Tests

This paper reviews the scientific issues related to exposureconcentrations and particle sizes used in acute inhalation limittests. The current United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) recommended exposure concentration for such tests is5 mg/liter, while this level is very high, it is often achievable.On the other hand, its toxicological relevance is questionable.The USEPA recommendation that 25% of the particle distributionbe less than 1 µm is a more difficult issue to address.Physical laws for aerosol particle generation and behavior limitthe minimum size of particles in an exposure atmosphere at aconcentration of 5 mg/liter. Particle size also influences depositionsite in the respiratory tract. Since damage to any region ofthe respiratory tract can produce lethality, and it is not possibleto predict, a priori, the most responsive region of the tractor the most harmful particle size of an untested agent, acutelimit testing should employ particles in a size range that depositsthroughout the entire rodent respiratory tract. Particles between1 and 4 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) arewell suited for such studies. It is, therefore, recommendedthat the limit test concentration should be the highest concentration(up to 5 mg/liter) that can be achieved while still maintaininga particle size distribution having an MMAD between 1 and 4µm.     

中医疲劳术语整理研究

以疲劳术语系列中的“倦类”为代表进行释义并阐述了整理疲劳术语的意义的目的。其意义和目的为：阐明中医疲劳的病因，病机，规范描述疲劳的术语，为探讨中医抗疲劳及调治亚健康的方药提供线索与依据。     

Improved outcome of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is associated with induction of a Th1-dominated cytokine response

Repeated challenge with antigen is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of pulmonary diseases. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent pulmonary colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa before establishment of chronic lung infection. To mimic recurrent lung infections in CF patients, the lungs of susceptible BALB/c mice were re-infected with P. aeruginosa 14 days after the initial infection. Singly-infected BALB/c mice, as well as non-infected mice, were used as controls. Decreased mortality and milder lung inflammation in re-infected BALB/c mice, as well as a tendency for improved clearance of bacteria, was observed when compared with singly-infected mice. The improved outcome in re-infected mice correlated with changes in CD4 cell numbers. Surface expression of LFA-1 on pulmonary CD4 cells was increased in re-infected compared with singly-infected mice. Moreover, resistance to re-infection was paralleled by a shift towards a Th1-dominated response and increased IL-12 production. No significant increase in serum IgG was observed in the re-infected mice. In conclusion, these results indicate a protective role for a Th1-dominated response, independent of antibody production, in chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in CF.     

大地震创伤后应激障碍患者的心理与神经内分泌变化

目的 :研究唐山大地震所致慢性创伤后应激障碍患者基础血清皮质醇浓度和地塞米松抑制试验。方法 :唐山大地震所致创伤后应激障碍 3 5例 (研究组 )和 3 3例正常人 (对照组 )接受了基础血清皮质醇水平的测定和地塞米松抑制试验。结果 :两组基础血清皮质醇水平比较差异无统计学显著性 ,各组男女之间基础血清皮质醇水平分别比较差异亦无统计学显著性。两组服用相同剂量的地塞米松后 ,研究组血清皮质醇水平低于对照组和对血清皮质醇的抑制作用高于对照组 ,差异均有统计学显著性。各组男女之间的基础血清皮质醇水平、服用地塞米松后血清皮质醇水平和对地塞米松的抑制率比较差异无统计学显著性。结论 :唐山大地震所致慢性PTSD患者对糖皮质激素的敏感性增高而导致PHA轴负反馈抑制增强 ,无性别差异     

中药肛滴在治疗消化道恶性肿瘤中的应用

探讨中药肛滴在治疗消化道恶性肿瘤中的应用。通过对６例典型病例的回顾分析,观察中药肛滴在缓解癌性粘连性肠梗阻、缓解消化道恶性肿瘤患者症状、提高晚期消化道恶性肿瘤患者生存质量的作用。应用中医理论“通则不痛”之说,对消化道恶性肿瘤患者进行中药肛滴治疗．认为有较好的临床效果。     

关思友治疗疑难病的临床辨证思路撷菁

关思友先生治疗疑难病时,在辨证论治的基础上,借鉴前医经验,注重逆向思维,取得良好的临床疗效。临证时,不囿表面所见,把细究病因放在重要地位,并提倡“治病不可因循守旧,固守古训,要圆机活法,因人、因地、因时治宜,有是证用是药。”     

利培酮与氯氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的对照研究

目的：比较利培酮和氯氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的有效性和安全性。方法：６０例ＢＰＲＳ总分≥４０分,符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ精神分裂症诊断标准的患者,随机分为两组进行对照研究,分别给予利培酮和氯氮平口服治疗,以ＢＰＲＳ减分率为疗效评定指标,以ＴＥＳＳ评价副反应指标。结果：利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症疗效肯定,８周末有效率为９０％,与氯氮平相仿。利培酮在治疗１周后起效,焦虑、抑郁和迟滞等症状群起效更早,明显早于氯氮平。剂量较小者锥体外系副反应轻,其它不良副反应发生率和严重程度均较氯氮平少而轻。结论：利培酮是治疗精神分裂症有效、安全的一线抗精神病药物