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排序方式: 共有1593条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Steven J Lobritto Philip Rosenthal Rene Bouw Mimi Leung Paul Snell Richard D Mamelok 《Liver transplantation》2007,13(11):1570-1575
There are few pharmacokinetic data for mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) when used in combination with cyclosporine (CsA) in pediatric liver transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of MMF in stable pediatric liver transplant patients and estimate the dose of MMF required to provide a mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure similar to that observed in adult liver transplant recipients receiving the recommended dose of MMF (target area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 hours [AUC(0-12)] for MPA of 29 mug.hour/mL in the immediate posttransplantation period and 58 microg x hour/mL after 6 months). A 12-hour pharmacokinetic profile was collected for 8 pediatric patients (mean age 20.9 months) on stable doses of MMF and CsA who had received a liver transplant > or = 6 months prior to entry and who had started on MMF within 2 weeks of transplantation. Mean MMF dosage was 285 mg/m(2) (range, 200-424 mg/m(2)). Of 8 patients, 7 had a MPA AUC(0-12) (range, 11.0-37.2 microg x hour/mL) well below the target. One patient had an AUC(0-12) > or = 58 microg x hour/mL but was considered an outlier and was excluded from analyses. Mean MPA AUC(0-12) and maximum plasma concentration values were 22.7 +/- 10.5 microg x hour/mL and 7.23 +/- 3.27 microg/mL, respectively; values normalized to 600 mg/m(2) (the approved pediatric dose in renal transplantation) were 47.0 +/- 21.8 microg x hour/mL and 14.5 +/- 4.21 microg/mL. In conclusion, assuming that MPA exhibits linear pharmacokinetics, when used in combination with CsA, a MMF dose of 740 mg/m(2) twice daily would be recommended in pediatric liver transplant recipients to achieve MPA exposures similar to those observed in adult liver transplant recipients. This finding should be confirmed by a prospective trial. 相似文献
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Proper use of the right drugs: a complex task 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Ketai LH; Williamson MR; Telepak RJ; Levy H; Koster FT; Nolte KB; Allen SE 《Radiology》1994,191(3):665
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In view of the ability of ketones to partially replace glucose as an alternative fuel in the brain, the potential protective effects of diet-induced ketosis were examined in male NEDH rats with hypoglycaemia due to a serially transplantable radiation-induced insulinoma. Ketosis was induced by daily oral administration of medium chain triglycerides to normal rats and to insulinoma-bearing rats 1 day after subcutaneous subscapular implantation of tumours fragments. All rats treated with medium chain triglycerides became ketotic within 72 hours, and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations remained 5-10 fold elevated at 24 days. Untreated insulinoma-bearing rats became moderately hyperinsuliaemic and hypoglycaemic by 17 days, with the later manifestation of more marked hyperinsulineamia (21.6 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) severe hypoglycaemia (1.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) and death by 24-28 (26 +/- 1) days. Induction and maintenance of hyperketonaemia did not affect the development of hyperinsulineamia, hypoglycaemia or the exaggerated fall of plasma glucose produced by an 8 hour fast in these rats. However by day 21, the severity of hypoglycaemia was greater in insulinoma-bearing rats receiving medium chain triglycerides, culminating in accelerated death by 22-25 (23 +/- 1) days and an accompanying 50% decrease in final tumour weight. These results demonstrate that induction of ketosis in the face of marked hyperinsulinaemia did not afford protection against the profound hypoglycaemia produced by a serially transplantable rat insulinoma. 相似文献
6.
Giedd Jay N.; Snell John W.; Lange Nicholas; Rajapakse Jagath C.; Casey B. J.; Kozuch Patricia L.; Vaituzis A. Catherine; Vauss Yolanda C.; Hamburger Susan D.; Kaysen Debra; Rapoport Judith L. 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1996,6(4):551-559
Brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 104 healthy childrenand adolescents, aged 418, showed significant effectsof age and gender on brain morphometry. Males had larger cerebral(9%) and cerebellar (8%) volumes (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.008.respectively), which remained significant even after correctionfor height and weight After adjusting for cerebral size, theputamen and globus pallidus remained larger in males, whilerelative caudate size was larger in females. Neither cerebralnor cerebellar volume changed significantly across this agerange. Lateral ventricular volume increased significantly inmales (trend for females), with males showing an increase inslope after age 11. In males only, caudate and putamen decreasedwith age (P = 0.007 and 0.05, respectively). The left lateralventricles and putamen were significantly greater than the rightP = 0.01 and 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, the cerebralhemispheres and caudate showed a highly consistent right greater-than-leftasymmetry (P < 0.0001 for both). All volumes demonstrateda high degree of variability. These findings highlight gender-specificmaturational changes of the developing brain and the need forlarge gender-matched samples in pediatric neuropsychiatric studies. 相似文献
7.
Braffman BH; Coleman BG; Ramchandani P; Arger PH; Nodine CF; Dinsmore BJ; Louie A; Betsch SE 《Radiology》1994,190(3):797
8.
Kinnison ML; Perler BA; Kaufman SL; Mitchell SE; Kadir S; Williams GM; White RI Jr 《Radiology》1986,160(3):727-730
In situ saphenous vein grafts are being used with increasing frequency for bypass procedures involving the femoral and popliteal arteries. Complications of these procedures include anastomotic stenoses and persistent arteriovenous fistulae that may result in failure of the graft. Balloon angioplasty and embolotherapy with detachable balloons were employed successfully in three or four recent cases of patients with complications from in situ grafts. Tailored angiography is essential for evaluating in situ grafts, and interventional techniques are extremely useful for managing complications. 相似文献
9.
Brain growth among fetuses exposed to cocaine in utero: asymmetrical growth retardation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fetal growth retardation may be associated with maternal cocaine use during pregnancy. The pattern of fetal growth retardation was analyzed in infants born to 80 women who used cocaine, but not alcohol, during pregnancy, and in two comparison groups: 100 infants born to mothers who used neither alcohol nor cocaine during pregnancy and 67 infants whose mothers used alcohol but not cocaine during pregnancy. There were statistically significant differences in head size between the unexposed and cocaine-exposed infants (P less than .001). Notably, head circumference was reduced proportionately more than birth weight in cocaine-exposed infants, a pattern similar to that observed in alcohol-exposed infants. Alcohol- and cocaine-exposed infants were not statistically different in head circumference. We conclude that brain growth of cocaine-exposed infants is similar to that reported for alcohol-exposed infants, and that cocaine-exposed infants may be characterized as having asymmetrical growth retardation. 相似文献
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