椎板后移回植的椎管扩大术治疗椎管狭窄症

作者报告棘突劈开、椎板后移回植的椎管扩大术治疗椎管狭窄症１８２例，使椎管容积扩大３４．８％，横径扩大３．８ｍｍ，矢径扩大６．１ｍｍ。随访２年９个月，优良率８６．６％，椎板愈合率９６．９％。本文探讨少数椎板迟延愈合的原因和预防措施，如斜切椎板、缝合固定和腰背筋膜与棘上韧带悬吊缝合等。术后卧床１０～１２周，用石膏型保护。作者认为本法能有效的预防术后脊柱不稳，顽固性腰痛等并发症。     

Phenotypic analysis of bone marrow lymphocytes from children with acute thrombocytopenic purpura

Hematogones are benign immature B cells that commonly populate the bone marrow of children. Their presence has been noted to interfere with the flow-cytometric analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), because their immunophenotype is similar to B-precursor cell lymphoblasts. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia is a clinical condition characterized by increased platelet destruction due to sensitization of platelets by autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical impact of bone marrow hematogones in cases of acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) among children. This was done by immunophenotyping of bone marrow lymphocytes of ITP cases and controls and follow up of cases. This study was done on 25 cases of ITP, 12 females and 13 males, their age ranged from 2 to 13 years. A control group was included in the study, 15 cases of apparently healthy children with matching age and sex taken from among bone marrow donors. Cases and controls were subjected to bone marrow lymphocyte immunophenotyping with flow-cytometry to verify the presence of hematogones. A statistically significant increase in the percentage of hematogones was demonstrated in their bone marrows. An increased percentage of CD10+ lymphocytes was demonstrated; with a mean of 18+/-15.2%, CD19+ with a mean of 27+/-16.3% and CD34+ with a mean of 3.7+/-3.2%. No correlation was found between the percentage of hematogones and peripheral platelet count or bone marrow lymphocytic count. In conclusion, there is an increase in the bone marrow hematogones in ITP cases in comparison to normal controls. This could be the sequence of an immunological response to the cause which determined the disease, or the regeneration of the stem cell compartment following transient damage.     

蒙医放血疗法治疗急性踝关节扭伤33例

笔者近十年来以蒙医放血疗法治疗急性踝关节扭伤获得了比较满意的疗效，现报道如下。 一般资料 急性踝关节扭伤患者33例，年龄13～41岁；均为单侧发病；病程在1天以内者18例，1～3天10例，4～5天3例，6～8天2例。     

Retropharyngeal abscesses in infants

Four children, between 6 days and 10 months old, presenting with varying manifestations of retropharyngeal abscess, are reported. A careful clinical examination and X-ray evaluation of neck is paramount in diagnosis and treatment. All four patients recovered without sequelae following surgical evacuation of pus.     

In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic: microbiology profiling studies with staphylococci and streptococci

We present data from antimicrobial assays performed in vitro that pertain to the potential clinical utility of a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic, CBR-2092, for the treatment of infections mediated by gram-positive cocci. The MIC(90)s for CBR-2092 against 300 clinical isolates of staphylococci and streptococci ranged from 0.008 to 0.5 mug/ml. Against Staphylococcus aureus, CBR-2092 exhibited prolonged postantibiotic effects (PAEs) and sub-MIC effects (SMEs), with values of 3.2, 6.5, and >8.5 h determined for the PAE (3x MIC), SME (0.12x MIC), and PAE-SME (3x MIC/0.12x MIC) periods, respectively. Studies of genetically defined mutants of S. aureus indicate that CBR-2092 is not a substrate for the NorA or MepA efflux pumps. In minimal bactericidal concentration and time-kill studies, CBR-2092 exhibited bactericidal activity against staphylococci that was retained against rifampin- or intermediate quinolone-resistant strains, with apparent paradoxical cidal characteristics against rifampin-resistant strains. In spontaneous resistance studies, CBR-2092 exhibited activity consistent with balanced contributions from its composite pharmacophores, with a mutant prevention concentration of 0.12 mug/ml and a resistance frequency of <10(-12) determined at 1 mug/ml in agar for S. aureus. Similarly, CBR-2092 suppressed the emergence of preexisting rifamycin resistance in time-kill studies undertaken at a high cell density. In studies of the intracellular killing of S. aureus, CBR-2092 exhibited prolonged bactericidal activity that was superior to the activities of moxifloxacin, rifampin, and a cocktail of moxifloxacin and rifampin. Overall, CBR-2092 exhibited promising activity in a range of antimicrobial assays performed in vitro that pertain to properties relevant to the effective treatment of serious infections mediated by gram-positive cocci.     

Placental malaria and mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in rural Rwanda

We conducted a nested case-control study of placental malaria (PM) and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) within a prospective cohort of 627 mother-infant pairs followed from October 1989 until April 1994 in rural Rwanda. Sixty stored placentas were examined for PM and other placental pathology, comparing 20 HIV-infected mother-infant (perinatal transmitter) pairs, 20 HIV-uninfected pairs, and 20 HIV-infected mothers who did not transmit to their infant perinatally. Of 60 placentas examined, 45% showed evidence of PM. Placental malaria was associated with increased risk of MTCT of HIV-1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-29.1), especially among primigravidae (aOR = 12.0; 95% CI = 1.0-150; P < 0.05). Before antiretroviral therapy or prophylaxis, PM was associated with early infant HIV infection among rural Rwandan women living in a hyper-endemic malaria region. Primigravidae, among whom malaria tends to be most severe, may be at higher risk.     

Parasite load stemming from immunization route determines the duration of liver‐stage immunity

Immunization with radiation‐attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites (RAS) induces sterile and long‐lasting protective immunity. Although intravenous (IV) route of RAS immunization is reported to induce superior immunity compared to intradermal (ID) injection, its role in the maintenance of sterile immunity is yet to be understood. We investigated whether the route of homologous sporozoite challenge of Plasmodium berghei (Pb) RAS‐immunized mice would influence the longevity of protection. C57BL/6 mice immunized with Pb‐RAS by IV were 100% protected upon primary IV/ID sporozoite challenge. In contrast, ID immunization resulted in 80% protection, regardless of primary challenge route. Interestingly, the route of primary challenge was found to bring difference in the maintenance of sterile protection. While IV Pb RAS‐immunized mice remained protected at all challenges regardless of the route of primary challenge, ID Pb‐RAS‐immunized mice receiving ID primary challenge became parasitaemic upon secondary IV challenge. Significantly, primary IV challenge of Pb RAS ID‐immunized mice resulted in 80% and 50% survival at secondary and tertiary challenges, respectively. According to phenotypically diverse liver CD8⁺ T cells, the percentages and the numbers of both CD8⁺ T effector memory and resident memory cells were significantly higher in IV than in ID Pb RAS‐immunized mice. IFN‐γ‐producing CD8⁺ T cells specific to Pb TRAP₁₃₀ and MIP‐4‐Kb‐17 were also found significantly higher in IV mice than in ID mice. The enhanced T‐cell generation and the longevity of protection appear to be dependent on the parasite load during challenge when infection is tolerated under suboptimal CD8⁺ T‐cell response.     

免疫效应细胞增殖与细胞毒性功能检测3种方法的比较

目的：对比研究用于检测免疫效应细胞增殖与细胞毒功能的方法。方法：分别采用CCK?8法、EdU标记法、CFSE标记法检测不同培养条件下NK92细胞增殖［组1：100 U/mL白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）?2;组2：100 U/mL IL?2+10 U/mL IL?15］。用乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）释放法、活细胞染料双标流式法、荧光素酶法检测两组NK92对K562细胞的杀伤。结果：CCK?8法检测结果提示组2增殖能力强于组1,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而EdU和CFSE标记法均提示两组间增殖能力有显著差异（P＜0.05）。活细胞染料双标流式法与荧光素酶法均能够检测出不同效靶比下两组NK92细胞毒功能的差异（P＜0.05）,LDH释放法在低效靶比下未检测出两组细胞毒性的差异（P＞0.05）。以双标流式法的检测值为标准参照,荧光素酶法和LDH释放法的检测值与其呈显著相关性（rS=0.979 4,P＜0.001;rS=0.973 2,P＜0.001）。结论：CCK?8法更侧重于检测代谢活性,EdU和CFSE标记法更适用于悬浮类免疫细胞的增殖检测。3种细胞毒功能检测具有一致性,活细胞染料双标流式法适合检测对悬浮类靶细胞的杀伤,荧光素酶法比LDH释放法更适用于检测对贴壁细胞的杀伤作用。     

椎管内肿瘤的MRI诊断和治疗

作者对２７例中经手术和病理证实的２１例椎管内肿瘤的ＭＲＩ诊断及手术治疗,分析指出：ＭＲＩ＋Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ可增强ＭＲＩ对椎管内肿瘤检出率,定位定性准确,对决定手术方案,预测预后有决定性意义,应作为首选检查。并对不同部位、性质、形态的椎管内肿瘤手术治疗作了分析,应在尽可能彻底切除肿瘤基础上,避免摘除后脊柱脊髓合并症发生。