Efficacy of epoetin-beta 30,000 IU/week in correcting anaemia in patients with gastrointestinal tumours subjected to concomitant chemoradiotherapy

Objective  

The aim of the project was to assess the effectiveness and safety of weekly epoetin-beta (EB) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) subjected to concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCTRT).     

Linear and angular measurements of computer-generated models: are they accurate, valid, and reliable?

INTRODUCTION: Traditional advanced imaging modalities such as CT and MRI are limited in their ability to perform accurate linear distance and angular measurements regardless of anatomical orientation. The construction of 3D models has been used to perform anthropometric analyses as well as in the reconstruction of rapid prototypes. We hypothesized that such measurements would be precise to within 2 mm or 2 degrees of measurements performed with a coordinate measurement machine (CMM). We also hypothesized that there would be a high degree of interobserver reliability with these measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiple aluminum screws were implanted in various positions in three foam pelvises which were subsequently scanned by CT and rendered as 3D models using a commercially available software package (Mimics). Linear and angular measurements were performed using a CMM machine, the software package, and a dial caliper or goniometer. The deviation of the measurements from the CMM data was compared using ANOVA. The interobserver reliability of both the manual and computer-generated measurements was calculated. RESULTS: The mean difference between the CMM distances and those measured manually and with the software was 2.12 +/- 1.20 mm and 1.57 +/- 1.05 mm, respectively. The mean difference between the CMM angular measurements and the angular measurements performed manually and with the software was 4.07 +/- 4.70 degrees and 1.62 +/- 1.32 degrees, respectively. In all cases, the manual measurements were significantly less accurate (p < 0.0001) and there was a high degree of interobserver reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Computer-generated measurements taken from three-dimensionally reconstructed models are more accurate than manual measurements and are within 2 mm and 2 degrees of measurements performed with a CMM. These measurements have high interobserver reliability.     

Determination of HPGe detector response using MCNP5 for 20-150 keV X-rays.

The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the efficiency, escape and Compton curves of a planar high-purity germanium detector (HPGe) in the 20-150 keV energy. These curves were used for the determination of photons spectra produced by an X-ray machine in order to allow a precise characterization of photon beams applied to medical diagnosis. The detector was modeled with the MCNP5 computer code and validated by comparison with experimental data. The air kerma calculated after the spectra stripping was compared with ionization chamber measurements.     

133Granulation Tissue Induction by Lassar Ointment vs. Collagen‐Polyvynilpyrrolidone in Venous Ulcers

Venous leg ulcers derived from tissue destruction is the consequence of a chronic inflammatory process that produces pain and physical disability, diminishing quality of life in patients. In this work, Lassar ointment and lyophilized collagen‐polyvinylpyrrolidone were administered separated each on one half in the same ulcer to 9 patients at the beginning and every 4 days. On day 16, all patients were auto‐grafted with partial thickness skin. Granulation tissue and graft integration were assessed clinically during 3 months. Inflammatory infiltrate, type I and III collagens, elastic fibers, alkaline phosphatase as well as blood vessels were evaluated histologically or histochemically in biopsies taken at the beginning and 16 days after the local treatment. Clinically and morphologically, both treatments demonstrated appropriate granulation tissue promotion and optimal graft integration since the beginning. Nevertheless, in Lassar ointment treated group regionalization of alkaline phosphatase activity was observed, as well as the presence of granuloma in 2 of the 9 patients. In conclusion, Lassar ointment or lyophilized collagen‐polyvinylpyrrolidone are two different promoters of granulation tissue in venous leg ulcers, however Lassar ointment has the capability to produce granuloma and an exacerbated immune response; in consequence, ulcer recidivism could be present, may be due to mineral deposits in the wound.     

The effect of naloxone on the preoperative gastric volume and pH

The effect of 4 mg oral naloxone on preoperative gastric volume and pH of gastric aspirate was studied in a double-blind, randomized study. Twenty patients received 10 ml of naloxone (4 mg) mixed with 10 ml of orange juice, and 20 patients received 10 ml of isotonic saline mixed with 10 ml of orange juice, 2 h before surgery. Gastric content was obtained immediately after intubation of the trachea. No significant difference in gastric volume and pH of gastric aspirate was found between the two groups. It is concluded that naloxone does not affect gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion to a degree great enough to protect against aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs.