HPLC测定不同产地天山雪莲药材中紫丁香苷的含量

天山雪莲为菊科植物雪莲Saussurea involucrate（Kar．etKir．）Sch．Bip．的干燥地上部分，系维吾尔族习用药材。收载于《中国药典》2005年版一部，能补肾活血，强筋骨，温肾助阳，祛风胜湿，用于治疗风湿性关节炎，肺寒咳嗽，月经不调，小腹冷痛等症状。天山雪莲化学成分有芦丁等黄铜类、紫丁香苷等木脂素类、大苞雪莲内酯，大苞雪莲碱等生物碱类、多糖类等。采用高效液相色谱法测定雪莲注射液中紫丁香苷含量，以紫丁香苷为参照物研究雪莲和雪莲注射液指纹图谱及不同种雪莲中紫丁香苷含量测定的报道已见，     

Possible role of sildenafil in inhibiting rat vas deferens contractions by influencing the purinergic system

AIM: To evaluate the effect of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-selective type 5 phosphodiesterase, on isolated rat vas deferens and its connections with the purinergic system. METHODS: Epididymal and prostatic portions of isolated vas deferens were placed in organ baths containing Krebs' solution. Contractions were induced by noradrenaline (NA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), alpha,beta-methylene ATP and electrical field stimulation (EFS). The effect of sildenafil on the contractions was compared with suramin and Evans blue (EB). RESULTS: NA, ATP, alpha,beta-methylene ATP and EFS caused contractions in both portions of vas deferens. NA-induced contractions were unaffected by sildenafil and suramin but potentiated by EB. ATP-induced contractions were non-competitively inhibited in both portions by sildenafil and suramin but potentiated by EB. alpha,beta-methylene ATP-induced contractions were unaffected by sildenafil but were inhibited in both portions by suramin and EB. EFS-induced contractions were inhibited by sildenafil and suramin while potentiated by EB. CONCLUSION: Sildenafil inhibited the contractions in both portions of vas deferens, as did suramin. We have suggested that purinergic system has a role in this antagonism and it seems to be mediated by an ATP-dependent mechanism instead of a receptor interaction.     

Three New Cross-Reacting Idiotopes as Markers for the Products of Two Distinct Human VH3 Genes Expressed in the Early Repertoire

This article describes characterization of three new cross-reacting idiotopes, as recognized by mouse MoAbs, on human antibodies utilizing V_H3 genes that are expressed in the early repertoire. Two of the mouse MoAbs (3H7 and 3H1) were raised against a human MoAb utilizing the DP47 (VH26) V_H3 gene, whilst the third (7B4) was raised against a DP46 (GLSJ2) gene product. Evidence for the anti-idiotypic specificity of the mouse MoAbs was provided by their reactivity with the immunizing IgM, but not with Fcα, and by their specific inhibition of the binding between each immunizing antibody and its antigen. The three anti-idiotypic MoAbs were shown to be V_H-specific reagents by the independence of their reactivity upon the L-chain type, or the untigenic specificity of the human MoAbs tested. Specificity of each mouse MoAb for V_H3 gene-products was demonstrated by its sole cross-reactivity with V_H3 proteins. Each anti-Id had a different reactivity pattern with a panel of MoAbs utilizing different V_H3 genes. By relating the V_H sequences of the tested V_H3 proteins to their germline counterparts, 3H7 and 3H1 appeared to be specific for DP47-encoded proteins, although 3H1 had weak cross-reactivities with a few other V_H3 gene-products. 7B4 appeared to be specific for antibodies utilizing DP46-related genes. Both 3H7 and 3H1 were also completely different to B6 and D12, two previously described MoAbs that also recognize V_H3 proteins. Although 7B4 was similar to B6 and D12 in its binding to DP46-related gene products, B6 and D12 additionally recognized non DP46-related proteins and were thus different to 7B4.     

The effect of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction release and allopurinol on the renal malondialdehyde and glutathione levels

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether relief of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) with or without antioxidant drug affect renal tissue malonedialdehyde (MDA) and glutathion (GSH) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 rats were used in this PUUO study. Partial unilateral ureteral obstruction was created by the burial of the upper one-third of the left ureter in the psoas muscle. The rats were sacrificed on 28th day following PUUO. Relief of the obstruction was performed twenty minutes before sacrifice by cutting the proximal ureter in reperfusion group. 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal allopurinol was administered 20 minutes before relief of obstruction in the antioxidant group. Renal tissue MDA and GSH levels were measured in both kidneys. RESULTS: At the end of the study 5, 7 and 7 rats could only be interpreted in sham, reperfusion and antioxidant groups, respectively. While the mean left and right renal MDA and GSH levels were statistically different from each other in reperfusion group (P < 0.001), there were no significant differences in the sham (P > 0.05) and antioxidant (P > 0.05) group. Both the mean sham group left and right renal tissue MDA or GSH levels were significantly different from reperfusion group, but only the mean sham group left renal tissue MDA and right renal tissue GSH levels were not statistically different from antioxidant group (P < 0.05). The mean left or right renal MDA and GSH tissue levels of the antioxidant group were statistically different from reperfusion group (P < 0.05) except for the right renal tissue GSH level (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Partial unilateral ureteral obstruction leads to oxidative injury by relief of obstruction in both kidneys. The antioxidant allopurinol has a beneficial effect on renal MDA and GSH levels in both kidneys.     

没食子质量标准研究

目的 研究进口药材没食子的质量标准。方法 收集11批没食子药材,采用《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版方法系统分析测定其水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物、重金属及有害元素残留、农药残留,并制定合理限度;对没食子的性状、显微橫切片和粉末组织特征进行描述;采用薄层色谱法（TLC）进行定性鉴别研究;采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）定量分析没食子酸含量,色谱柱为Agilent TC-C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流速为1.0 mL·min^–1,柱温为35 ℃,流动相为0.5%磷酸水溶液（A）-乙腈（B）,梯度洗脱,检测波长为273 nm。结果 确定了检查项目合理限度为水分≤12.0%,总灰分≤2.00%,70%乙醇浸出物质量分数≥80.0%,重金属及有害元素、农药残留均未检出;没食子性状、显微组织特征专属,TLC鉴别简便易行;HPLC测定没食子酸在13.80～220.80 μg·mL^–1线性关系良好,平均回收率为101.6%,RSD为1.56%,11批样品中没食子酸质量分数为1.52%～4.72%,平均值为2.90%。结论 没食子药材质量标准得到显著提升,可用于其质量控制和评价。     

Transition zone biopsy and prediction of extraprostatic extension at radical prostatectomy

BACKGROUND: There is limited data in the literature that suggests that transition zone (TZ) biopsy might be useful for the prediction of extraprostatic extension (EPE) in clinically localized prostate cancer. We studied the role of TZ biopsy in the prediction of EPE. METHODS: Transition zone biopsies were performed in addition to systematic peripheral zone (PZ) biopsies between November 1995 and December 1999. During this period, 59 patients underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. Final pathological results were compared with preoperative clinical and biopsy findings. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, 46 had cancer only in the PZ cores and 13 had cancer both in the PZ and the TZ cores at the biopsy. Final histopathological results revealed EPE in 19 (32%) patients and positive surgical margins in 22 (37%). In univariate analysis of age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), mean percentage of positive PZ cores, mean biopsy Gleason score and positive TZ biopsy, there was a significant difference for serum PSA levels (P = 0.021), presence of positive TZ cores (P = 0.018) and percentage of positive PZ cores in patients with and without EPE (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the single independent predictor of EPE was the percentage of positive PZ biopsy cores (P = 0.0227). There was agreement between the side of positive TZ biopsy and EPE in seven of eight patients. CONCLUSION: Taking two TZ cores in addition to peripheral sextant biopsy did not result in better prediction of EPE. The relationship between TZ involvement and the presence of EPE can be investigated further in radical prostatectomy specimens.     

Elevation of serum and urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in benign hydronephrosis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to find out the predictive role of serum and urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels in benign hydronephrosis and whether these levels are helpful for differentiation of complete or partial urinary obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients with, and 23 without, benign hydronephrosis were enrolled in this study. Serum and urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were determined by the chemiluminescence enzyme immunometric assay method and these levels were correlated with clinical factors. RESULTS: The mean serum (P < 0.0001) and urinary (P < 0.0001) carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and serum creatinine (P < 0.008) levels were significantly higher in the hydronephrosis group than the control group. There was significant correlation between serum and urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels in the hydronephrosis group (r = 0.639, P < 0.0001). In the hydronephrosis group, there were no significant differences between the serum creatinine, serum or urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels and the clinical features except symptom duration. The best cut-off value for the serum and urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were found to be 4.84 U/mL and 29.35 U/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION: Serum and urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels correlated with each other, were significantly elevated in patients with hydronephrosis and did not predict complete urinary obstruction. Benign hydronephrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 increments, as this is what is of most importance in clinical practice.     

Pregabalin versus gabapentin in the treatment of neuropathic pruritus in maintenance haemodialysis patients: A prospective,crossover study

Aim: Pruritus is common in dialysis patients. Peripheral neuropathy is also prevalent in this patient population. However, the role of neuropathy in the genesis of uraemic itch has not been adequately studied to date. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of gabapentin and pregabalin on uraemic pruritus along with neuropathic pain in patients receiving haemodialysis. Methods: This is a 14 week long randomized, prospective, cross‐over trial. Haemodialysis patients with established neuropathy and/or neuropathic pain were included. Fifty patients were randomly assigned to gabapentin 300 mg after each haemodialysis session and pregabalin 75 mg daily. After 6 weeks of treatment, cross‐over was performed and patients received the other drug for another 6 weeks. Short Form of McGill Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale were used to evaluate pain and pruritus, respectively. At each week's visit, patients were interrogated in terms of adverse effects of study drugs. Baseline laboratory data and demographic characteristics were recorded from patient charts. Results: Forty (12 males, 28 females) out of 50 patients completed the study. Mean age was 58.2 ± 13.7. Overall, 29 out of 40 patients (72.5%) had pruritus symptoms at baseline evaluation. Fifteen patients (37.5%) were diabetic. Thirty‐one out of 40 patients (77.5%) had electromyography (EMG)‐proven peripheral neuropathy. Twenty three patients (57.5%) had both EMG‐proven neuropathy and pruritus. Gabapentin and pregabalin improved both neuropathic pain and pruritus significantly. There was no difference between the study drugs in terms of efficacy against pain and pruritus. Conclusion: Treatment of neuropathic pain with either pregabalin or gabapentin effectively ameliorates uraemic itch.