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1.
Radiographic quantification of alveolar bone level changes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Jasim M. Albandar Jostein Rise Per Gjermo Jan R. Johansen 《Journal of clinical periodontology》1986,13(3):195-200
The "random burst" theory has recently been proposed as an explanation of the pattern of periodontal disease progression. The theory predicts that the progression of bone loss at individual sites is not dependent upon previous bone loss and age. A longitudinal radiographic study was designed to test this hypothesis, and to describe the changes in bone level over 2 years in a group of 180 subjects (18-68 years of age) who were not under systematic periodontal treatment. The results indicated that 94% of the sites did not show significant changes in the alveolar bone level during the observation period. The mean annual bone loss for the total population was 0.11 mm. By regressing longitudinal bone loss upon age, it was shown that the rate of bone loss increased rapidly between 33 and 56 years of age while a different pattern was shown for the age intervals 18-32 and 57-68 years. Also, the rate of bone loss increased with increasing initial bone loss. This was less evident in the oldest age group. It was concluded that the progression of bone loss in the present material is consistent with a "burst" theory. However, the progression did not occur randomly with regard to previous loss of alveolar bone and time. 相似文献
2.
Radu S Ho YK Lihan S Yuherman Rusul G Yasin RM Khair J Elhadi N 《Epidemiology and infection》1999,123(2):225-232
A total of 31 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 (10 from outbreak cases and 7 from surface water) and non-O1 (4 from clinical and 10 from surface water sources) isolated between 1993 and 1997 were examined with respect to presence of cholera enterotoxin (CT) gene by PCR-based assays, resistance to antibiotics, plasmid profiles and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. All were resistant to 9 or more of the 17 antibiotics tested. Identical antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates may indicate that they share a common mode of developing antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the multiple antibiotic resistance indexing showed that all strains tested originated from high risk contamination. Plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of small plasmids in 12 (7 non-O1 and 5 O1 serotypes) with sizes ranging 1.3-4.6 MDa. The CT gene was detected in all clinical isolates but was present in only 14 (6 O1 serotype and 8 non-O1 serotype) isolates from environmental waters. The genetic relatedness of the clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 strains was investigated by RAPD fingerprinting with four primers. The four primers generated polymorphisms in all 31 strains of Vibrio cholerae tested, producing bands ranging from < 250 to 4500 bp. The RAPD profiles revealed a wide variability and no correlation with the source of isolation. This study provides evidence that Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 have significant public health implications. 相似文献
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Haas AN Silva-Boghossian CM Colombo AP Susin C Albandar JM Oppermann RV Rösing CK 《Journal of dentistry》2012,40(7):556-563
Objectives
To compare the subgingival microbiological outcomes of azithromycin or placebo as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis (AgP), and to secondarily evaluate the microbiological effect of supragingival scaling in AgP patients.Methods
Twenty-four AgP subjects 13–26 years of age received a 15-day programme of supragingival scaling (SC) and were then randomly assigned to SRP with systemic azithromycin or placebo. Subgingival samples were taken with sterile paper points at baseline, 15 days after SC, and at 3, 6 and 12 months following SRP. Microbiological analysis was performed by the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization.Results
Changes in bacterial levels from baseline to 15 days after SC were similar in the 2 groups. When subjects were analysed as a single group, significant reductions after SC were observed for Actinomyces gerencseriae, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Treponema denticola. During the 12-month follow-up, levels of most of the bacteria decreased in both groups in a similar pattern. For instance, Actinomyces israelli, Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus gordonii, C. ochracea, Eikenella corrodens, Eubacterium nodatum, Fusobacterium periodonticum and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. polymorphum decreased significantly within the groups.Conclusions
Azithromycin was ineffective in lowering the subgingival levels of important putative periodontal pathogens in young AgP subjects compared to placebo.Clinical significance
Scaling and root planing with adjunctive systemic azithromycin provides little additional benefit compared to placebo in reductions of major subgingival periodontal pathogens. 相似文献7.
8.
Md Jasim Uddin Sumedha Liyanage Noureddine Abidi Harvinder Singh Gill 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2018,107(12):3047-3059
Allergen-free pollen shells obtained from natural pollen grains have recently attracted attention as microcapsules for oral therapeutic delivery. We have recently developed a chemical treatment method that enables successful retrieval of hollow pollen shells from diverse species. A comprehensive characterization is critical to characterize the effects of chemical treatment which will not only benchmark the pollen treatment process but can also lay the foundation of quality control procedures to check allergen-removal efficiency during pollen treatment. Therefore, in this study, we followed the effects of chemical treatment on 4 different pollen species using electron microscopy, elemental analysis, gel electrophoresis, confocal microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. These analyses revealed that acetone treatment removed lipids from the pollen surface. Phosphoric acid treatment removed proteins and nucleic acids from the pollen core and transformed esters into carboxylic acids. Potassium hydroxide hydrolysis changed carbohydrate composition of the pollen wall. Chemically treated pollen shells exhibited hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups on their surface. Overall, we propose that confocal microscopy could be used as a rapid scanning technique to visualize the removal of biomolecules, whereas Fourier-transform infrared combined with gel electrophoresis could be used as a more objective approach for analysis and benchmarking. 相似文献
9.
Laura Dwyer-Lindgren Ellen R. Squires Stephanie Teeple Gloria Ikilezi D. Allen Roberts Danny V. Colombara Sarah Katherine Allen Stanley M. Kamande Nicholas Graetz Abraham D. Flaxman Charbel El Bcheraoui Kristjana Asbjornsdottir Gilbert Asiimwe Ângelo Augusto Orvalho Augusto Baltazar Chilundo Caroline De Schacht Sarah Gimbel Carol Kamya Faith Namugaya Felix Masiye Cremildo Mauieia Yodé Miangotar Honoré Mimche Acácio Sabonete Haribondhu Sarma Kenneth Sherr Moses Simuyemba Aaron Chisha Sinyangwe Jasim Uddin Bradley H. Wagenaar Stephen S. Lim 《Population health metrics》2018,16(1):13
Background
The under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) is an important metric of child health and survival. Country-level estimates of U5MR are readily available, but efforts to estimate U5MR subnationally have been limited, in part, due to spatial misalignment of available data sources (e.g., use of different administrative levels, or as a result of historical boundary changes).Methods
We analyzed all available complete and summary birth history data in surveys and censuses in six countries (Bangladesh, Cameroon, Chad, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zambia) at the finest geographic level available in each data source. We then developed small area estimation models capable of incorporating spatially misaligned data. These small area estimation models were applied to the birth history data in order to estimate trends in U5MR from 1980 to 2015 at the second administrative level in Cameroon, Chad, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zambia and at the third administrative level in Bangladesh.Results
We found substantial variation in U5MR in all six countries: there was more than a two-fold difference in U5MR between the area with the highest rate and the area with the lowest rate in every country. All areas in all countries experienced declines in U5MR between 1980 and 2015, but the degree varied both within and between countries. In Cameroon, Chad, Mozambique, and Zambia we found areas with U5MRs in 2015 that were higher than in other parts of the same country in 1980. Comparing subnational U5MR to country-level targets for the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), we find that 12.8% of areas in Bangladesh did not meet the country-level target, although the country as whole did. A minority of areas in Chad, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zambia met the country-level MDG targets while these countries as a whole did not.Conclusions
Subnational estimates of U5MR reveal significant within-country variation. These estimates could be used for identifying high-need areas and positive deviants, tracking trends in geographic inequalities, and evaluating progress towards international development targets such as the Sustainable Development Goals.10.
Khaled Greish Anfal Jasim Neha Parayath Sara Abdelghany Ali Alkhateeb Sebastien Taurin 《Journal of drug targeting》2018,26(8):692-708
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) defies the currently practiced management of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery and hence, it is associated with a high fatality rate with a median survival of 14.6 months. In our previous work investigating different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we established that a combination of Crizotinib and Dasatinib exerted the most potent effect on different GBM cell lines. In this work, to improve targeted therapy at the site of the tumour and avoid systemic toxicity, we exploited the enhanced permeability and retention effect by designing micellar formulations of these two TKIs. Crizotinib and Dasatinib were successfully encapsulated in poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA) micelles which were then evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, anti-proliferative effect, mode of cell death, efficacy in spheroid models, effect on cell signalling, antiangiogenic potential and in vivo anticancer activity. Our results showed that this combination had induced a potent anti-proliferative effect in four GBM cell lines grown as a monolayer and as a spheroid. The combination was also efficacious in in vitro models of angiogenesis and vascular mimicry. In vivo data showed the enhanced activity of the micellar TKIs compared to free drugs. In conclusion, we proved that micellar formulations of Crizotinib and Dasatinib carry promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy that warrant further investigation. 相似文献