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1.
There is a need to investigate methods by which drinkers canbe made aware of their level of alcohol impairment prior todriving. In the current research, 195 students at various bloodalcohol concentration (BAC) levels participated in an evaluationof three simple sobriety tests: a ruler drop/reaction time task,a balance test and a verbal task. Although self-reported measuresof impairment were the best predictors of BAC, both the rulerdrop and body balance tests accounted for significant portionsof BAC variance. These tasks were also perceived by the studentsas reflecting substantial driving ability. Unfortunately, asBAC increased, poor test performance was less likely to resultin a decision not to drive. These results are discussed in termsof the need to continue studying ways to educate drinkers abouttheir level of alcohol impairment so that they can make informeddrinking/driving decisions. 相似文献
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PD Dr. A. Gries N. Russ G. Conrad Ch. Müller-Ramcke J. Braun 《Notfall & Rettungsmedizin》2007,10(2):137-143
The 2006, annual meeting of the senior physicians and emergency medical technicians of the German Air Rescue Service (Deutschen Rettungsflugwacht, DRF) was titled “From Concept to Practice”. The themes of security in the air rescue services and the current practice of cardiopulmonary respiration were discussed. In addition, different concepts and networks for treating patients with acute coronary syndrome or severe trauma were presented. The training of emergency technicians and quality assessment using the database of the whole TeamDRF was explained. New helicopter stations as well as long-range transport using normal aviation by the TeamDRF were presented. 相似文献
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Immunomodulation by cryosurgery in malignant melanoma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
U Weyer I Petersen C Ehrke A Carstensen A Nüssgen C Russ B G?ttsch L Kowalzick R Arndt E W Breitbart 《Onkologie》1989,12(6):291-296
Cryosurgery is a well-known, established method for the local destruction of tumor tissue by freezing. The assumption that, in addition to a physical and blood vascular phase, an immunological phase exists, has been discussed by many authors and tested using animal models. These results can only be transferred to humans in a limited sense. During the last year, we initiated a randomized study "Cryosurgery versus Conventional Surgery", whereby the peripheral blood and the normal skin from the areas surrounding the resection were compared. We were able to demonstrate in the peripheral blood of 8 cryosurgery patients a postoperative increase in the total and helper T-cells, HLA-DR-positive cells, and the ratio helper/suppressor T-cells in comparison to preoperative values. In the 8 patients treated with conventional surgery, these parameters decreased slightly or remained the same. The differences were highly significant (p = 0.001) to significant (p = 0.01). The results from the first 16 are patients studied presented and discussed here. 相似文献
6.
Quantitative measurement of cortical surface features in localization-related temporal lobe epilepsy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oyegbile T Hansen R Magnotta V O'leary D Bell B Seidenberg M Hermann BP 《Neuropsychology》2004,18(4):729-737
Differences in cortical surface features between healthy controls (n = 48) and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 46), ages 14-59, were characterized by means of advanced quantitative MRI processing techniques. Cortical surface features of interest included gyral and sulcal curvature, cortical depth, and total cortical surface area. Epilepsy patients and controls differed on measures of gyrification; the abnormalities generalized despite the focal nature of the primary epileptic process. Changes in cortical surface features were associated with increasing chronological age in both groups. Abnormalities in gyrification were associated with cognitive performance and with other morphometric measurements (e.g., surface cerebral spinal fluid). These findings are related to the literature regarding morphometric changes associated with temporal lobe epilepsy and normal aging. 相似文献
7.
Depression, APOE genotype and subjective memory impairment: a cross-sectional study in an African-Caribbean population 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is common in older populations but its aetiology and clinical significance is uncertain. Depression has been reported to be strongly associated with SMI. Associations with objective cognitive impairment are less clear cut. Other factors suggested to be associated with SMI include poor physical health and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele. Studies of SMI have been predominantly confined to white Caucasian populations. METHOD: A community study was carried out in a UK African-Caribbean population aged 55-75, sampled from primary care lists. Twenty-three per cent were classified with SMI. Depression was defined using the 10-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Other aetiological factors investigated were education, objective cognitive function, APOE genotype, disablement and vascular disease/risk. The principal analysis was restricted to 243 participants scoring > 20 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (85%). A second analysis included all 290 participants. RESULTS: Depression, self-reported physical impairment and APOE epsilon4 were associated with SMI. The association between SMI and physical impairment was not explained by depression, vascular disease/risk, or disability/handicap. The association between epsilon4 and SMI increased as MMSE scores decreased and was particularly strong in those with depression. The epsilon4 allele was present in 69% (95% CI 41-89%) of those with depression and SMI compared with 28% (20-36%) of those with neither. CONCLUSIONS: Depression may not be a sufficient explanation for subjective memory complaints. Memory complaints in the presence of depression are associated with high prevalence of epsilon4 and therefore, presumably, a raised risk of subsequent dementia. 相似文献
8.
Autoimmunity and inflammation due to a gain-of-function mutation in phospholipase C gamma 2 that specifically increases external Ca2+ entry 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yu P Constien R Dear N Katan M Hanke P Bunney TD Kunder S Quintanilla-Martinez L Huffstadt U Schröder A Jones NP Peters T Fuchs H de Angelis MH Nehls M Grosse J Wabnitz P Meyer TP Yasuda K Schiemann M Schneider-Fresenius C Jagla W Russ A Popp A Josephs M Marquardt A Laufs J Schmittwolf C Wagner H Pfeffer K Mudde GC 《Immunity》2005,22(4):451-465
The identification of specific genetic loci that contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has proved difficult due to the contribution of multiple interacting genes, the inherent genetic heterogeneity present in human populations, and a lack of new mouse mutants. By using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis to discover new immune regulators, we identified a point mutation in the murine phospholipase Cg2 (Plcg2) gene that leads to severe spontaneous inflammation and autoimmunity. The disease is composed of an autoimmune component mediated by autoantibody immune complexes and B and T cell independent inflammation. The underlying mechanism is a gain-of-function mutation in Plcg2, which leads to hyperreactive external calcium entry in B cells and expansion of innate inflammatory cells. This mutant identifies Plcg2 as a key regulator in an autoimmune and inflammatory disease mediated by B cells and non-B, non-T haematopoietic cells and emphasizes that by distinct genetic modulation, a single point mutation can lead to a complex immunological phenotype. 相似文献
9.
Pre-eclampsia, one of the most significant health problems inhuman pregnancy, complicates 6-7% of all gestations and is theleading cause of fetal growth retardation, infant morbidityand mortality, premature birth and maternal death. Recent researchimplicates free radicals in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.This review covers the biochemistry of nitric oxide (NO) andpossible interactions with other free radicals. Studies in therat show that pregnancy is associated with enhanced productionand responsiveness to NO in both reproductive tissues and bloodvessels. Rats infused with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor) have been used as an animalmodel of pre-eclampsia, and the effects of steroid hormoneson blood pressure in this model have been tested. Results suggestthat pre-eclampsia may be a state of NO deficiency. However,in humans there seem to be contradictions regarding the involvementof NO in maternal adaptation to pregnancy. It is suggested thatNO may be one of several systems that act in concert to maintaina symbiotic relationship between mother and fetus. However,the input of each system may be genetically determined. 相似文献
10.
Dohle GR; Ramos L; Pieters MH; Braat DD; Weber RF 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(3):620-623
Male genital tract obstructions may result from infections, previous
inguinal and scrotal surgery (vasectomy) and congenital bilateral absence
of the vas deferens (CBAVD). Microsurgery can sometimes be successful in
treating the obstruction. In other cases and in cases of failed surgical
intervention, the patient can be treated by microsurgical or percutaneous
epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA, PESA) or testicular sperm extraction
(TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We present the results
of 39 ICSI procedures for obstructive azoospermia in 24 couples. The
aetiology of the obstruction was failed microsurgery in 11 patients, CBAVD
in nine and genital infections in four. Sperm retrieval was accomplished
via MESA in four cases, PESA in 18 cases and via TESE in 11 cases. TESE was
only applied when PESA failed to produce enough spermatozoa for
simultaneous ICSI. In six patients, the ICSI procedure was performed with
cryopreserved spermatozoa after an initial PESA procedure. Fertilization
occurred in 47% of the metaphase II oocytes; embryo transfer was performed
in 92% of procedures and resulted in a clinical pregnancy in 13/39
procedures. Ongoing pregnancy was achieved in 10/39 procedures. One
pregnancy was terminated early after prenatal investigation showed a
cytogenetic abnormality (47,XX+18, Edwards syndrome). The other nine
pregnancies resulted in the live birth of 10 children, without any
congenital abnormalities. Epididymal and testicular retrieved spermatozoa
were successfully used for ICSI to treat obstructive azoospermia, and
resulted in an ongoing pregnancy in 10 of 24 couples (41.6%) after 39 ICSI
procedures, a success rate of 25.6% per treatment cycle and of 27.7% per
embryo transfer.
相似文献