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Joss von Hadeln Ronja Hensgen Tobias Bockhorst Ronny Rosner Ronny Heidasch Uta Pegel Manuel Quintero Pérez Uwe Homberg 《The Journal of comparative neurology》2020,528(6):906-934
The central complex (CX) comprises a group of midline neuropils in the insect brain, consisting of the protocerebral bridge (PB), the upper (CBU) and lower division (CBL) of the central body and a pair of globular noduli. It receives prominent input from the visual system and plays a major role in spatial orientation of the animals. Vertical slices and horizontal layers of the CX are formed by columnar, tangential, and pontine neurons. While pontine and columnar neurons have been analyzed in detail, especially in the fruit fly and desert locust, understanding of the organization of tangential cells is still rudimentary. As a basis for future functional studies, we have studied the morphologies of tangential neurons of the CX of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Intracellular dye injections revealed 43 different types of tangential neuron, 8 of the PB, 5 of the CBL, 24 of the CBU, 2 of the noduli, and 4 innervating multiple substructures. Cell bodies of these neurons were located in 11 different clusters in the cell body rind. Judging from the presence of fine versus beaded terminals, the vast majority of these neurons provide input into the CX, especially from the lateral complex (LX), the superior protocerebrum, the posterior slope, and other surrounding brain areas, but not directly from the mushroom bodies. Connections are largely subunit- and partly layer-specific. No direct connections were found between the CBU and the CBL. Instead, both subdivisions are connected in parallel with the PB and distinct layers of the noduli. 相似文献
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Dimitrios Pantelis Robert Hüneburg Ronja Adam Stefanie Holzapfel Heidrun Gevensleben Jacob Nattermann Christian P. Strassburg Stefan Aretz Jörg C. Kalff 《International journal of colorectal disease》2016,31(12):1825-1833
Purpose
Germline mutations in several genes confer a relevant lifetime risk of gastric cancer. In this context, an increasing involvement of a surgeon can be seen, mainly with the question of performing a prophylactic operation.Methods
Patients with hereditary tumor syndromes predisposing for gastric cancer who received care leading to prophylactic total gastrectomy in our Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes were analyzed. For each patient, the multidisciplinary decision-making process, the perioperative course, and the histopathologic findings were assessed. Short-term morbidity was evaluated based on the medical reports.Results
The analysis includes nine patients (six female, three male) with a median age of 41.6 (range 23–60) years. Indication for prophylactic total gastrectomy was based on family history and genetic analysis (eight patients with a germline mutation of the CDH1 gene and one patient with a SMAD4 mutation). Removal of the entire gastric mucosa was documented intraoperatively by fresh frozen section examination. Extended (DII) lymphadenectomy was performed in four patients. Histopathologic examination of gastrectomy specimens revealed six patients (6/9, 67 %) with multifocal signet ring cell carcinomas. In our series, prophylactic total gastrectomy was a safe procedure without mortality and low morbidity.Conclusions
Patients with hereditary syndromes predisposing for gastric cancer should be evaluated for this curative procedure in a specialized center. Further research is necessary, and the implementation of nationwide registers including patients with prophylactic gastrointestinal operations due to hereditary tumor syndrome is advisable.3.
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Leonore Küchler Isabelle Rüfli Michel C. Koch Melanie M. Hierweger Ronja V. Kauer Cline L. Boujon Monika Hilbe Anna Oevermann Patrik Zanolari Torsten Seuberlich Corinne Gurtner 《Viruses》2021,13(1)
An 8-year-old alpaca was admitted to the emergency service of the Clinic for Ruminants in Bern due to a reduced general condition and progressive neurological signs. Despite supportive treatment, its condition deteriorated and the animal had to be euthanized. Histopathological analysis revealed a severe non-suppurative polioencephalomyelitis with neuronal necrosis, most likely of viral origin. We detected abundant neuronal labelling with antibodies directed against two different epitopes of Bovine Astrovirus CH13/NeuroS1 (BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1), which is a common viral agent associated with non-suppurative encephalitis in Swiss cattle. These findings were further verified by detection of viral RNA by use of in-situ hybridization and real-time RT-PCR. Next generation sequencing revealed that the detected virus genome had a pairwise identity of 98.9% to the genome of BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an astrovirus-associated polioencephalomyelitis in an alpaca. These results point to the possibility of an interspecies transmission of BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1. 相似文献
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Ronja Foraita 《European journal of epidemiology》2009,24(9):485-494
In genetic studies of complex diseases, a crucial task is to identify and quantify gene–gene interactions which are often
defined as deviance from genetic additive effects. This statistical definition, however, does not need to reflect the biological
interactions of genes. We propose a new method to detect gene–gene interactions. This new approach exploits the concept of
synergy and antagonism that is appropriate to capture biological relationships. The conditional synergy index (CSI) describes the extent of interaction on the penetrance scale. We develop the CSI for two-locus disease models and cohort data. The index assumes genotypes to be dichotomized into risk-genotypes (exposed)
and non-risk-genotypes (unexposed) but it does not assume the loci to be in linkage equilibrium. We investigate the performance
of the CSI and compare it to classical epidemiological interaction measures like Rothman’s synergy index (S) and the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). In addition, the performance of an estimator of this new parameter is illustrated in a practical example. 相似文献
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Tracking CNS and systemic sources of oxidative stress during the course of chronic neuroinflammation
Agata A. Mossakowski Julian Pohlan Daniel Bremer Randall Lindquist Jason M. Millward Markus Bock Karolin Pollok Ronja Mothes Leonard Viohl Moritz Radbruch Jenny Gerhard Judith Bellmann-Strobl Janina Behrens Carmen Infante-Duarte Anja Mähler Michael Boschmann Jan Leo Rinnenthal Martina Füchtemeier Josephine Herz Florence C. Pache Markus Bardua Josef Priller Anja E. Hauser Friedemann Paul Raluca Niesner Helena Radbruch 《Acta neuropathologica》2015,130(6):799-814
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