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Assessment of caffeine exposure: caffeine content of beverages, caffeine intake, and plasma concentrations of methylxanthines 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The caffeine content of all tea or coffee beverages consumed by 17 healthy adults over 24 hours was measured. Plasma caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, and paraxanthine concentrations were determined over the same 24 hours. The average caffeine content per drink was 60.4 +/- 21.8 mg for instant coffee (14-fold range), 80.1 +/- 19.2 mg for brewed coffee (2.8-fold range), and 28.8 +/- 13.7 mg for tea (5.5-fold range). The number of drinks of coffee and tea consumed was a poor index of actual caffeine intake (r2 = 0.42). Caffeine intake correlated poorly with the 24-hour average caffeine concentration (r2 = 0.41), but there was a very good correlation between a single plasma caffeine concentration measured at 5 PM and the 24-hour average concentration (r2 = 0.94). The same was true for paraxanthine (r2 = 0.86). Paraxanthine accounted for 67.3% of the total dimethylxanthines in plasma, while theobromine and theophylline accounted for 24.4% and 8.3%, respectively. Mean caffeine clearance was 1.2 +/- 0.3 ml/min/kg. Plasma caffeine concentration before the first drink in the morning correlated very poorly with caffeine clearance (r2 = 0.07), even when adjusted for caffeine intake (r2 = 0.21). 相似文献
3.
Infantile Digital Fibroma Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
John G. Albertini MD Maj USAF MC Michael Jude Welsch MD CPT USA MC Leo A. Conger MD LTC USA MC Lester F. Libow MD COL USA MC Dirk M. Elston MD COL USA MC 《Dermatologic surgery》2002,28(10):959-961
BACKGROUND: Infantile digital fibroma (IDF) is a rare benign fibrous tumor of childhood that frequently recurs despite local excision. Conservative, nonsurgical management may result in regression and/or joint deformity. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histologic features of IDF and discuss a case excised using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). METHODS: Case report and review of the clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural features. RESULTS: Characteristic inclusion bodies of actin were identified with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and rapid actin immunostain. The tumor was debulked and the majority was removed after one stage of MMS, except where the deep margin approached the joint space. The defect healed by secondary intention. At 2 years the patient had no recurrence or functional joint deformity. CONCLUSION: MMS is a surgical treatment option for IDF. 相似文献
4.
A. Perez S. E. Clements E. Benton A. Robson B. Bhogal C. M. Stefanato D. McGibbon 《Clinical and experimental dermatology》2009,34(8):e931-e933
We report a case of localized bullous pemphigoid (BP) in a woman patient with primary lymphoedema tarda. There is only one previous case reported of localized pemphigoid in an area of lymphoedema, this being of the cicatricial variant. Slow circulation in the lymphatic vessels, increased capillary permeability with preferential localization of antibodies in the area, and potential cleavage of the epidermal junction due to increased hydrostatic pressure leading to autoimmunity, have all been advocated as possible pathogenic mechanisms. Nevertheless, we consider that the mechanism by which localized pemphigoid arises on lymphoedema remains elusive, based on a previous case of generalized BP sparing an area of postsurgical lymphoedema. 相似文献
5.
Although silicones, as a class, are nontoxic in animal and tissue studies, implanted silicone prostheses and medical devices are associated with various local and systemic host inflammatory reactions. They also have been associated with a form of autoimmune disease. To test the hypothesis that silicones may evoke an immunologically mediated inflammatory reaction, 10 guinea pigs were stimulated for 1 month with intraperitoneal injections of sterile medical-grade silicone oil admixed with homologous serum and complete Freund's adjuvant. Ten controls were stimulated with saline. Four additional animals were passively sensitized with splenic homogenates from four sensitized animals. Intradermal antigenic challenges consisted of silicone-homologous serum, pure silicone, saline-homologous serum, and purified protein derivative. Cutaneous reaction patterns were graded grossly and microscopically. Silicone-serum and purified protein derivative antigens evoked three to four times greater palpable lesions in all 10 actively and all 4 passively sensitized animals at approximately 24 h compared to controls. Biopsies showed a moderate to marked lymphocytic infiltrate. Control sites and naive animals showed only edema at the challenge sites. The data suggest that silicone-protein complexes are potentially immunogenic. 相似文献
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Michael Robson Isabelle Côte Ian Abbs Geoffrey Koffman David Goldsmith 《American journal of transplantation》2003,3(3):324-327
Thrombotic microangiopathy is a rare but important finding in the context of organ transplantation. Acute renal insufficiency in the setting of hemolysis and thrombocytopenia, a triad that constitutes 'hemolytic uremic syndrome', can be associated with, or triggered by, conditions such as verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli, viral infections, malignant hypertension, scleroderma, allograft rejection, lupus erythematosus, pregnancy, and medications including mitomycin C, calcineurin inhibitors, and oral contraceptives. After renal transplantation, it can occur, as either a de novo episode, or recurrent disease. Calcineurin inhibitors have long been associated with post-transplantation thrombotic microangiopathy. Sirolimus has been used as a primary immunosuppressant in patients transplanted with a history of earlier hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and also as rescue therapy in patients with calcineurin-inhibitor-associated thrombotic microangiopathy. We describe four cases where there was significant thrombotic microangiopathy in the context of contemporaneous or contiguous calcineurin inhibitor and sirolimus usage. As the intrarenal cyclosporin concentration is thought to be significantly elevated when cyclosporin and sirolimus are used together, this may explain these findings, and mandates caution in their co-administration. 相似文献
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A child with myoglobinuria following rhabdomyolysis from child abuse is described. The importance of early recognition and treatment of this condition is emphasized. 相似文献
10.
Xian ZH Zhang SH Cong WM Wu WQ Wu MC 《第二军医大学学报》2005,26(11):1320-1320
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent fatal cancers in the world. Despite advances in early diagnosis and improvements in surgical techniques, the survival of patients with HCC even after resection is poor because of the high incidence of recurrences. Therefore, the identification of prognostic factors may be helpful in the development of new treatment protocols. AIMS: To investigate HER-2/neu status in HCC by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), and to explore the possibility of using trastuzumab in the treatment of HCC. METH ODS: Eight hundred and sixty eight surgical samples from patients with primary HCC were examined for their HER-2/neu status. IHC for HER-2/neu was performed with the HercepTest kit; FISH analysis was performed with the PathVysion HER-2 DNA probe kit. The correlations between HER-2/neu overexpression and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed statistically. RESULTS: HER-2/neu overexpression was detected in 21 (2.42%) of the 868 primary HCCs. Only one specimen showed HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH. No significant associations were found between HER-2/neu overexpression and the clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS: There is a low frequency of HER-2/neu overexpression/amplification in HCC. There appears to be no role for HER-2/neu as a prognostic marker and no benefit of anti-HER-2/neu trastuzumab treatment in patients with HCC. 相似文献