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The interpretation of the total phenytoin (PT) concentration can be problematic if valproic acid (VPA) is given as a comedication, because VPA displaces PT from the protein binding sites and can increase the free fraction of PT. In order to estimate the free or unbound PT concentration (PTf) from the total PT concentration (PTt) and VPA concentration, a nomogram was constructed and evaluated. Data of 84 patients on combined therapy with PT and VPA were used in drawing up the regression equation (PTf = 0.0792.PTt + 0.000636.PTt.VPA) from which the nomogram was constructed. The predictions were checked using another 33 patients whose serum concentrations were determined in the morning and in addition several times during the day. The results show that using this method the PTf concentrations can be accurately estimated from the PTt and VPA concentrations. 相似文献
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Ulrich Weber Christian WA Pfirrmann Rudolf O Kissling Juerg Hodler Marco Zanetti 《BMC musculoskeletal disorders》2007,8(1):20
Background
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorder which usually begins in early adulthood. The diagnosis is often delayed by many years. MR imaging has become the preferred imaging method for detection of early inflammation of the axial skeleton in ankylosing spondylitis. 相似文献4.
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Felix Eckstein Axel Weusten Corina Schmidt Ulrich Wehr Rüdiger Wanke Walter Rambeck Eckhard Wolf Subburaman Mohan 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2004,19(5):802-810
In this study we examined the effect of systemic overexpression of GH on bone in transgenic mice longitudinally in vivo over a period of 9 months. We observed substantially increased BMC in GH transgenic mice and a significant reduction in serum osteocalcin. GH effects on bone were strongly dependent on gender and developmental stage. INTRODUCTION: State-of-the-art bone marker and microimaging technology was applied in this longitudinal study to examine bone metabolism, BMC, bone density, and cortical bone structure over the life span of growth hormone (GH) transgenic (tg) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight mice from four genetic groups (male, female, tg, and controls) were examined with DXA, and their femur and tibia were examined with peripheral QCT (pQCT). Osteocalcin (formation) and collagen cross-links (resorption) from serum and urine were also measured at postnatal weeks 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 26, and 38. RESULTS: GH tg mice displayed a significant increase in body weight (up to 50%) and BMC (up to 90%), but serum osteocalcin was significantly reduced compared with controls. GH tg females (but not males) displayed increased trabecular density over controls up to week 12. In contrast, male (but not female) GH tg mice displayed a higher cortical cross-sectional area than controls. Cortical density was significantly lower in both male and female GH tg mice compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in BMC in GH tg mice is associated with reduced serum osteocalcin levels, indicating that bone turnover may be lower than in the control mice. On a structural level, bone responds to GH excess in a gender-specific manner, with alterations varying substantially between different developmental stages. 相似文献
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目的:研究低氧时小鼠肺组织中低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-k)表达的变化。方法:实验用雄性小鼠,低氧仓浓度分别为10%、7%、5%。用免疫荧光组织化学技术及共聚焦显微术,检测小鼠在低氧条件下肺组织中HIF-1α表达的变化。结果:正常组小鼠肺组织HIF-1α无表达,低氧组HIF-1α表达增加,且随低氧时间的延长及低氧强度的增加而增强。结论:低氧可诱导小鼠肺组织中HIF-1α的表达增强,(HIF-k)可能参与肺组织细胞凋亡的发生。 相似文献
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