Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Risk Factors and Microbial Etiologies

Objective: To review the risk factors and microbial etiologies of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Data sources: Include 77 current and historical references on PID, PID risk factors, and sexually transmitted diseases.
Study selection: 34 studies that address specific research questions.
Data extraction: Data were used from studies whose methodologies are discussed.
Data synthesis: This review identifies research problems regarding the definition, diagnosis, and identification of microbial profiles and risk factors of PID.
Conclusions: More reliable diagnostic criteria for the varied clinical presentations of this polymicrobial infection are needed. PID is a disease with multiple, interrelated risks. Education is an important nursing intervention.     

Intraosseous Lipomata in Paget's Disease: An unusual CT appearance

A case of multiple intraosseous lumbar vertebral lipomata is reported occurring in the prescence of Paget's disease. The pathology and radiology are correlated.     

Contraceptive Counseling for the Younger Adolescent Woman A Suggested Solution to the Problem

The younger adolescent woman seeking contraceptive counseling presents clinicians with special problems specific to her age group. These include long-term physiological considerations plus psychological and social dynamics. An individualized clinic program, with emphasis on backup contraceptive methods, is suggested as a comprehensive solution.     

EXPERIENCE WITH FIFTY PATIENTS TREATED WITH ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION

Experience gained during the treatment of fifty patients withrespiratory failure is presented. The overall survival ratewas 44 per cent, although some pathological conditions provedmore amenable to treatment than others. The care of these patientsinvolved the use of mechanical ventilators, and to obtain thebest results the patients should be treated in a unit wherethere is a continuously high standard of nursing care and medicalsupervision. In such a unit problems which arise are more likelyto be successfully overcome—problems of humidification,of the care of the tracheostomy, of monitoring ventilation,of preventing cross infection, and of accurate instructionsfor the nursing staff. In a general hospital there is a widerange of medical and surgical disease which may result in respiratoryinsufficiency and be successfully treated ^*The Royal Marsden Hospital, London     

Smooth muscle antibodies and alopecia areata

In seventy-eight patients with alopecia areata, the incidence of auto-antibodies to smooth muscle was greater than that in an age and sex matched control population.     

The incidence and presentation of cystic fibrosis in Victoria 1955–1978

The minimum incidence of cystic fibrosis in Victoria, Australia over a 24 year period based on diagnosed cases was 1:2556 live births. There was no significant variation in incidence during the period.
The percentage of patients presenting with chest infection fell from 45% in the first 6 years of the study to 32% in the last 6 years and the percentage presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms rose from 19% in the first 6 years to 32% in the last 6 years. During the 24 year period 18% of patients presented with meconium ileus.