Uptake of amniocentesis in women aged 38 years or more by the time of the expected date of delivery: a two-year retrospective study

Summary. The uptake of amniocentesis for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities in older women ( 38 years by the time of the expected date of delivery) is reviewed over a 2–year period. Overall, 41·3% of women were not tested, including a group of 7% in whom no record of discussion of prenatal diagnosis could be found on review of obstetric records. Refusal of the offer of amniocentesis and late booking were significantly greater in Asian women (P < 0·01). One-third of chromosomally-abnormal infants were not detected antenatally in the study group.     

新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤细胞退行性变方式的超微结构研究

目的 :研究新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤后脑细胞退行性变方式。方法 :对 7日龄 SD大鼠采用左侧颈总动脉永久性结扎联合 7.7%低氧吸入 1 h复制模型。分别在复氧后4h,2 4 h,72 h,1周取材 ,利用电镜技术观察颈总动脉结扎侧海马皮质部神经元的超微结构。结果 :神经元退行性变形式包括坏死、杂合体、凋亡、脂性退变及暗细胞。结论 :新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤神经元退行性变形式多样。     

新生儿肺脏疾病超声诊断指南

超声技术已成功用于新生儿肺脏疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断，从而可以使其在诊疗过程中避免或减少射线暴露和损害。超声检查具有诸多优点，除无射线损害外，而且简单易学、准确性与可靠性高、可在床边开展、便于动态观察，尤其适合危重症患者，因而建议将超声作为肺部疾病筛查或诊断的首选手段^[1-5]。因此，有必要大力推广这一技术，促进肺脏超声在我国新生儿领域的开展和普及，从而使临床医师和超声科医师能够更好地借助超声对肺脏疾病进行诊断和鉴别诊断^[6-8]。     

Chorionic villus sampling in a high-risk population— 4 years' experience

Summary. Between August 1982 and July 1986 a total of 163 pregnancies in 136 patients with a high genetic risk have had prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling. Villi were not obtained in five pregnancies (two of which subsequently miscarried), and 11 fetal losses followed successful sampling (four in pregnancies in which the fetus was shown to be affected). The rate of fetal loss fell with increasing experience of the team. Three sets of twins were all sampled successfully.     

Prenatal imaging: ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging

The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development held a workshop on September 18-19, 2006, to summarize the available evidence on the role and performance of current fetal imaging technology and to establish a research agenda. Ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice for pregnancy evaluation due to its relatively low cost, real-time capability, safety, and operator comfort and experience. First-trimester ultrasonography extends the available window for fetal observation and raises the possibility of performing an early anatomic survey. Three-dimensional ultrasonography has the potential to expand the clinical application of ultrasonography by permitting local acquisition of volumes and remote review and interpretation at specialized centers. New advances allow performance of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without maternal or fetal sedation, with improved characterization and prediction of prognosis of certain fetal central nervous system anomalies such as ventriculomegaly when compared with ultrasonography. Fewer data exist on the usefulness of fetal MRI for non-central nervous system anomalies.