全文获取类型
收费全文 | 207873篇 |
免费 | 4970篇 |
国内免费 | 493篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2876篇 |
儿科学 | 7837篇 |
妇产科学 | 6279篇 |
基础医学 | 27022篇 |
口腔科学 | 5961篇 |
临床医学 | 17591篇 |
内科学 | 37127篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4719篇 |
神经病学 | 12936篇 |
特种医学 | 11009篇 |
外国民族医学 | 98篇 |
外科学 | 30221篇 |
综合类 | 1192篇 |
一般理论 | 18篇 |
预防医学 | 18158篇 |
眼科学 | 4501篇 |
药学 | 14179篇 |
3篇 | |
中国医学 | 154篇 |
肿瘤学 | 11455篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 3778篇 |
2017年 | 4091篇 |
2016年 | 3439篇 |
2015年 | 5164篇 |
2014年 | 4735篇 |
2013年 | 4006篇 |
2012年 | 10826篇 |
2011年 | 5696篇 |
2010年 | 2711篇 |
2009年 | 4301篇 |
2008年 | 2935篇 |
2007年 | 3709篇 |
2006年 | 3908篇 |
2005年 | 11973篇 |
2004年 | 13451篇 |
2003年 | 8924篇 |
2002年 | 4228篇 |
2001年 | 4459篇 |
2000年 | 1773篇 |
1999年 | 5965篇 |
1998年 | 698篇 |
1996年 | 503篇 |
1992年 | 6922篇 |
1991年 | 7160篇 |
1990年 | 7405篇 |
1989年 | 7024篇 |
1988年 | 6512篇 |
1987年 | 6272篇 |
1986年 | 6026篇 |
1985年 | 5292篇 |
1984年 | 3665篇 |
1983年 | 2977篇 |
1982年 | 1076篇 |
1981年 | 827篇 |
1980年 | 886篇 |
1979年 | 3893篇 |
1978年 | 2422篇 |
1977年 | 1836篇 |
1976年 | 1586篇 |
1975年 | 2502篇 |
1974年 | 3142篇 |
1973年 | 2769篇 |
1972年 | 2789篇 |
1971年 | 2765篇 |
1970年 | 2579篇 |
1969年 | 2484篇 |
1968年 | 2257篇 |
1967年 | 2176篇 |
1966年 | 1911篇 |
1965年 | 1144篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
Attachment is a behavioral and physiological system, which enables individual’s dynamic adaptation to its environment. Attachment develops in close interaction between an infant and his/her mother, plays an important role in the development of the infant’s brain, and influences the quality of interpersonal relationships throughout life.Security of attachment is believed to influence individual response to stress, exposing insecurely organized individuals to deregulated autonomic nervous system and exaggerated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity, which, in turn, produces increased and prolonged exposure to stress-hormones. Such stress responses may have considerable implications for the development of diverse health-risk conditions, such as insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia, shown by numerous studies.Although the mechanisms are not yet fully understood, there is compelling evidence highlighting the role of psychological stress in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). One of the possible contributing factors for the development of T1D may be the influence of attachment security on individual stress reactivity. Thus, the suggestion is that insecurely attached individuals are more prone to experience increased and prolonged influence of stress hormones and other mechanisms causing pancreatic beta-cell destruction.The present paper opens with a short overview of the field of attachment in children, the principal attachment classifications and their historic development, describes the influence of attachment security on individual stress-reactivity and the role of the latter in the development of T1D. Following is a review of recent literature on the attachment in patients with T1D with a conclusion of a proposed role of attachment organization in the etiology of T1D. 相似文献
5.
Torbj?rn Karlsson 《Upsala journal of medical sciences》2015,120(4):257-262
Background. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, and progressive multiple-organ failure. HLH in adults is often secondary to autoimmune diseases, cancer, or infections in contrast to familial HLH. Treatment of secondary HLH is directed against the triggering disease in addition to immunosuppressive therapy, the latter commonly according to the HLH-2004 protocol.Methods. We conducted a retrospective study to identify triggering diseases, disease-specific and immunosuppressive therapy administered, and prognosis in adult patients with secondary HLH. Patient data were collected from October 2010 to January 2015.Results. Ten adult patients with secondary HLH were identified. Seven were men, and the median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Five cases were triggered by malignant disease and five by infection. The median patient fulfilled five of the eight HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria. All patients fulfilled the criteria fever, cytopenia, and ferritin >500 µg/L. Median time from hospital admission to HLH diagnosis was 20 days. Four patients received immunosuppressive therapy according to the HLH-2004 protocol. The prognosis was dismal, especially for the patients with malignancy-associated HLH, of whom all died.Conclusion. HLH should be suspected in patients who present with fever, cytopenia, and ferritin >500 µg/L. Secondary HLH has a dismal prognosis. None of the patients with HLH triggered by malignancy survived. Achieving remission of the triggering disease seems to be important for a favourable outcome as, in all surviving patients, the haemophagocytic syndrome resolved after remission of the underlying infection. 相似文献
6.
Henry Havel Gregory Finch Pamela Strode Marc Wolfgang Stephen Zale Iulian Bobe Hagop Youssoufian Matthew Peterson Maggie Liu 《The AAPS journal》2016,18(6):1373-1378
Advancing nanomedicines from concept to clinic requires integration of new science with traditional pharmaceutical development. The medical and commercial success of nanomedicines is greatly facilitated when those charged with developing nanomedicines are cognizant of the unique opportunities and technical challenges that these products present. These individuals must also be knowledgeable about the processes of clinical and product development, including regulatory considerations, to maximize the odds for successful product registration. This article outlines these topics with a goal to accelerate the combination of academic innovation with collaborative industrial scientists who understand pharmaceutical development and regulatory approval requirements—only together can they realize the full potential of nanomedicines for patients. 相似文献
7.
8.
Stress Testing Versus CT Angiography in Patients With Diabetes and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Abhinav Sharma Adrian Coles Nishant K. Sekaran Neha J. Pagidipati Michael T. Lu Daniel B. Mark Kerry L. Lee Hussein R. Al-Khalidi Udo Hoffmann Pamela S. Douglas 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2019,73(8):893-902
Background
The optimal noninvasive test (NIT) for patients with diabetes and stable symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess whether a diagnostic strategy based on coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is superior to functional stress testing in reducing adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes (CV death or myocardial infarction [MI]) among symptomatic patients with diabetes.Methods
PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) was a randomized trial evaluating an initial strategy of CTA versus functional testing in stable outpatients with symptoms suggestive of CAD. The study compared CV outcomes in patients with diabetes (n = 1,908 [21%]) and without diabetes (n = 7,058 [79%]) based on their randomization to CTA or functional testing.Results
Patients with diabetes (vs. without) were similar in age (median 61 years vs. 60 years) and sex (female 54% vs. 52%) but had a greater burden of CV comorbidities. Patients with diabetes who underwent CTA had a lower risk of CV death/MI compared with functional stress testing (CTA: 1.1% [10 of 936] vs. stress testing: 2.6% [25 of 972]; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.38; 95% confidence interval: 0.18 to 0.79; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in nondiabetic patients (CTA: 1.4% [50 of 3,564] vs. stress testing: 1.3% [45 of 3,494]; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 1.54; p = 0.887; interaction term for diabetes p value = 0.02).Conclusions
In diabetic patients presenting with stable chest pain, a CTA strategy resulted in fewer adverse CV outcomes than a functional testing strategy. CTA may be considered as the initial diagnostic strategy in this subgroup. (PROspective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain [PROMISE]; NCT01174550) 相似文献9.
Catherine L. Omosule Dominique Joseph Brooke Weiler Victoria L. Gremminger Spencer Silvey Youngjae Jeong Ashique Rafique Pamela Krueger Sandra Kleiner Charlotte L. Phillips 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2022,37(5):938-953
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a collagen-related bone disorder characterized by fragile osteopenic bone and muscle weakness. We have previously shown that the soluble activin receptor type IIB decoy (sActRIIB) molecule increases muscle mass and improves bone strength in the mild to moderate G610C mouse model of OI. The sActRIIB molecule binds multiple transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands, including myostatin and activin A. Here, we investigate the musculoskeletal effects of inhibiting activin A alone, myostatin alone, or both myostatin and activin A in wild-type (Wt) and heterozygous G610C (+/G610C) mice using specific monoclonal antibodies. Male and female Wt and +/G610C mice were treated twice weekly with intraperitoneal injections of monoclonal control antibody (Ctrl-Ab, Regn1945), anti-activin A antibody (ActA-Ab, Regn2476), anti-myostatin antibody (Mstn-Ab, Regn647), or both ActA-Ab and Mstn-Ab (Combo, Regn2476, and Regn647) from 5 to 16 weeks of age. Prior to euthanasia, whole body composition, metabolism and muscle force generation assessments were performed. Post euthanasia, hindlimb muscles were evaluated for mass, and femurs were evaluated for changes in microarchitecture and biomechanical strength using micro–computed tomography (μCT) and three-point bend analyses. ActA-Ab treatment minimally impacted the +/G610C musculoskeleton, and was detrimental to bone strength in male +/G610C mice. Mstn-Ab treatment, as previously reported, resulted in substantial increases in hindlimb muscle weights and overall body weights in Wt and male +/G610C mice, but had minimal skeletal impact in +/G610C mice. Conversely, the Combo treatment outperformed ActA-Ab alone or Mstn-Ab alone, consistently increasing hindlimb muscle and body weights regardless of sex or genotype and improving bone microarchitecture and strength in both male and female +/G610C and Wt mice. Combinatorial inhibition of activin A and myostatin more potently increased muscle mass and bone microarchitecture and strength than either antibody alone, recapturing most of the observed benefits of sActRIIB treatment in +/G610C mice. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). 相似文献
10.