Effects of anthocyanidin derivative (HK-008) on relaxation in rat perfused mesenterial bed.

Anthocyanins, which are responsible for a variety of bright colors (including red, blue, and purple) in fruits, vegetables, and flowers, are consumed as dietary polyphenols. Anthocyanin-containing fruits are thought to decrease coronary heart disease and are used in anti-diabetic preparations. Diabetes is associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications that may be mediated by endothelial dysfunction, and so this study was designed mainly to characterize the influence of a synthesized anthocyanidin derivative (HK-008) over acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation in mesenteric arterial beds isolated from rats. In a glucose-tolerance test in intact rats, HK-008 (30 mg/kg) reduced the glucose level as effectively as the same dose of glibenclamide. The aortic relaxation induced by pinacidil (an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener) was greatly inhibited by glibenclamide (10 microM), and also significantly inhibited by HK-008 (10 microM). Interestingly, the ACh-induced relaxation in the perfused, preconstricted mesenteric arterial bed was significantly enhanced by HK-008 (10 microM), and this enhancement was significantly attenuated by indomethacin (10 microM). The ACh-induced mesenteric relaxation was impaired by an increase in oxidative stress, viz. superoxide-generating treatment [xanthine oxidase (XO; 0.1 U/ml) plus hypoxanthine (HX; 10 microM)]. However, this impairment was strongly suppressed by HK-008 (10 microM). These results suggest that HK-008 increases endothelium-induced relaxation by suppressing oxidative stress or modulating prostanoids signaling. This compound may therefore be useful against certain cardiovascular disorders.     

Independent determinants of second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram among various cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men.

The second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) has been used as a non-invasive examination for arterial stiffness. The present study sought to elucidate independent determinants of the SDPTG among various cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Japanese men. The SDPTG was obtained from the cuticle of the left-hand forefinger in 973 male workers (mean age: 44+/-6 years) during a medical checkup at a company. The SDPTG indices (b/a and d/a) were calculated from the height of the wave components. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the independent determinants of an increased b/a (highest quartile of the b/a) were age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12 per 1-year increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.15), hypertension (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.03-2.65), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.09), impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.16-5.07), and a lack of regular exercise (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.29-3.08). Similarly, independent determinants of a decreased d/a (lowest quartile of the d/a) were age (OR: 1.11 per 1-year increase, 95% CI: 1.08-1.14), hypertension (OR: 3.44, 95% CI: 2.20-5.38), and alcohol intake 6 or 7 days per week (OR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.80-4.06). No independent association was observed between the SDPTG indices and blood leukocyte count or serum C-reactive protein levels. In conclusion, the SDPTG indices reflect arterial properties affected by several cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Japanese men. The association between inflammation and the SDPTG should be evaluated in further studies.     

A case of severe summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis treated with high-dose administration of steroid]

A 40-year-old man who lived in a wooden house built 30 years ago presented with complaints of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. Chest X-ray findings showed interstitial shadows throughout bilateral lung fields. After admission, high-dose administration of 3000 mg of methylprednisolone was performed because of deterioration of chest X-ray shadows and symptoms. In a week, clinical data and symptoms improved. Findings of BAL fluid on admission revealed a relative increase of lymphocytes, neutrophils and mast cells, and pathological findings of transbronchial lung biopsy revealed non-caseous granulation and alveolitis. Precipitating antibodies and indirect fluorescent antibodies against Trichosporon cutaneum and Cryptococcus neoformans had positive reactions and T. cutaneum was isolated and identified from the patient's house. A diagnosis of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis was made according to the criteria advocated by Ando et al. This seemed to be a rare case of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis prolonged after isolation from his normal living environment, successfully treated by high-dose administration of steroid.     

Rapid spontaneous postpartum remission in a case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with pregnancy]

A 28-year-old woman developed numbness and weakness of the hands and arms when she was 8 months pregnant, and weakness worsened gradually. However, weakness started to spontaneously subside immediately after delivery and she felt almost recovered several hours later. But weakness and numbness recurred one week after delivery and she was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examination revealed moderate weakness and disturbance of the deep and cutaneous sensations in the upper and lower extremities, and marked decrease of the deep tendon reflexes. The upper extremities were more severely affected. Nerve conduction study showed marked decrease in the motor conduction velocities. Cerebrospinal fluid showed increase of protein without pleocytosis. Teased preparation of the biopsied sural nerve showed occasional internodal segments with thin myelination, indicating demyelination and remyelination. A diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy was made. Treatment with prednisolone markedly improved the weakness and hyporeflexia as well as the cerebrospinal fluid protein. Postpartum rapid remission may have been produced by rapid increase of endogenous steroid hormone in the blood by its massive excretion during delivery.     

A tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta presenting as massive hemoptysis--a case of successful surgical treatment

Tuberculous aneurysms of the aorta need early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention because if untreated, they lead to severe consequences. We report herein, a case of a 63 year old woman who underwent successful resection of a tuberculous pseudoaneurysm which had ruptured into the left upper lobe of the lung after a punch biopsy, performed under bronchoscopy, had caused severe bleeding. Subsequent CT and MRI examinations suggested a fistula between the mass and the aorta and proved useful in establishing the diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm. We wish to emphasize the need for bronchoscopy to be done carefully because of the risk of inducing massive hemoptysis.     

Serotonin and tryptamine metabolism in the acute hepatic failure model: changes in tryptophan and its metabolites in the liver, brain and kidney

When heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes, a gram-positive anaerobe, is intravenously injected into mice followed by an intravenous injection of gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 7 days later, most of the mice die of massive hepatic cell necrosis within 24 hours of LPS injection. Using this experimental model, acute hepatic failure was induced in mice, and the tryptophan metabolism in the liver, brain and kidney was studied. As a result, the tryptophan level was remarkably high in all three organs, and the metabolism of both the tryptamine pathway and serotonin pathway was induced. However, in the brain, the tryptamine metabolism was more induced compared to the serotonin, suggesting that the metabolites of tryptamine, may be involved in hepatic encephalopathy.