全文获取类型
收费全文 | 826篇 |
免费 | 30篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 34篇 |
妇产科学 | 4篇 |
基础医学 | 65篇 |
口腔科学 | 31篇 |
临床医学 | 29篇 |
内科学 | 198篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1篇 |
神经病学 | 74篇 |
特种医学 | 19篇 |
外科学 | 189篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
预防医学 | 21篇 |
眼科学 | 8篇 |
药学 | 21篇 |
肿瘤学 | 154篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 21篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 39篇 |
2011年 | 54篇 |
2010年 | 39篇 |
2009年 | 26篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 52篇 |
2006年 | 42篇 |
2005年 | 46篇 |
2004年 | 40篇 |
2003年 | 42篇 |
2002年 | 44篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 28篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有859条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yuji Sugawara Kazumasa Orihashi Kenji Okada Kazuhiro Kochi Katsuhiko Imai Taijiro Sueda 《Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2003,9(3):202-205
In Takayasu's arteritis (TA), both atypical coarctation (CO) and brachiocephalic involvement are common features that occasionally require operative correction. A combination of these abnormalities could duplicate underlying illness in patients, posing an increased risk of operative morbidity. We present, herein, two TA patients in which hypertensive heart disease secondary to CO was surgically corrected. Both patients had multi-vessel brachiocephalic disease. One patient who showed occlusion of all brachiocephalic arteries underwent aorto-aortic bypass, while another with two-vessel lesion underwent axillo-bifemoral bypass grafting. Subclavian reconstruction was supplemental to each procedure, resulting in relief of neurologic stigmata. Strategies to avoid intraoperative cerebral ischemia played an important role in the surgical repair of such TA-related extensive vascular lesions. 相似文献
2.
The effect of sevoflurane on diaphragmatic contractility was investigated in 12 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs with the thorax opened. Animals were divided into two groups of six each: the sevoflurane and time control groups. We assessed contractility by the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during supramaximal stimulation of the phrenic nerve at frequencies of 0.5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz under quasiisometric conditions. The integrated electrical activity (Edi) of the crural and costal parts of the diaphragm (Edi cru, Edi cost) was also measured. In the sevoflurane group, diaphragmatic contractility was determined during three levels of anesthesia, specifically 0, 1.0, and 1.5 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC). Measurements were made at the start of the stimulation (initial) and at the end of the 2-s period (2-s). Increasing the depth of sevoflurane anesthesia did not cause any significant differences in Pdi and Edi at 0.5-, 10-, and 20-Hz stimulation. By contrast, at 50- and 100-Hz stimulation, initial Pdi during 1.0 and 1.5 MAC sevoflurane exposure decreased significantly compared with the 0 MAC value (P less than 0.05). In addition, there was a statistical difference in 2-s Pdi between 1.0 and 1.5 MAC at 100-Hz stimulation (P less than 0.05). The Edi cru showed similar changes in Pdi at both measurements, whereas there was no remarkable change in Edi cost. There was no significant change either in Pdi or in Edi with respect to time in the time control group. We conclude from these results that sevoflurane impairs diaphragmatic contractility through its inhibitory effect on neuromuscular transmission, predominantly of the crural part. 相似文献
3.
Tuberculosis: a global overview of the situation today. 总被引:41,自引:0,他引:41
The overall tuberculosis situation in the world in 1990 and its recent trends are reviewed by an analysis of the case notifications to WHO and tuberculosis mortality reports. Estimates of the prevalence of tuberculosis infection and the incidence of tuberculosis disease and deaths predicted in 1990 were carried out with simple epidemiological models. Approximately one third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the past decade, an average of 2.5 to 3.2 million cases were notified every year globally, the small decrease in notification rates in recent years being offset by population growth. In 1990, an estimated 8 million people developed tuberculosis worldwide and 2.6 to 2.9 million died. The majority of these cases and deaths occurred in Asia, with an increasing number among HIV-infected individuals, especially in Africa where an upward trend is clearly detectable. Data on tuberculosis cases notified by WHO Member States demonstrate the magnitude of the problem but must be interpreted with caution. Being less than the expected incidence, they reflect the inadequacies of tuberculosis control programmes. This review confirms the very high global magnitude of the tuberculosis problem and calls for an urgent revitalization of tuberculosis control programmes throughout the world. 相似文献
4.
5.
Masato Kochi Shuichi Takaki Jun -ichi Kuratsu Hiroshi Seto Isao Kitamura Yukitaka Ushio 《Journal of neuro-oncology》1994,19(3):239-244
Summary Ventriculolumbar perfusion of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU), a water soluble nitrosourea with log P-0.71, may be efficacious in the treatment of subarachnoid dissemination of malignant glioma. We used 2 dogs to study the neurotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of MCNU. MCNU (1 mg), dissolved in 10 ml of artificial CSF, was administered via the right lateral ventricle during a period of 18 to 42 min and the CSF was drained by lumbar puncture. The perfusion was repeated once a week for 10 consecutive weeks. No neurological and systemic symptoms were noted after perfusion. Histological examination of the brain and spinal cord showed local denudation of the ependyma and local subependymal spongy degeneration and gliosis in the lateral ventricle into which MCNU was administered in one dog and local denudation of the ependyma in the other. When administration was over a period of 21 to 38 min, the MCNU concentration in the lumbar CSF peaked at 11.11 to 50.67 g/ml, in 28 to 78 min. The area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC) was 1152 g×min/ml on average, significantly larger than that of ACNU. The elimination phase followed linear kinetics and the half-time was 41.1 min on average, significantly longer than that of ACNU. These findings suggest that ventriculolumbar perfusion of MCNU may be effective in the treatment of subarachnoid dissemination of malignant glioma notwithstanding some local histological changes. 相似文献
6.
Kochi K Kyo S Yokote Y Ueda K Asano H Koyanagi T Ohuchi H Omoto R 《Kyobu geka. The Japanese journal of thoracic surgery》1999,52(3):239-242
The effect of milrinone in the 16 postoperative shock patients of cardiovascular surgery was studied. The preoperative hemodynamic status were 12 of cardiogenic shock, 2 cases of chronic heart failure and 2 cases of unstable angina pectoris. The operative procedure were 8 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting, 4 cases of valvular surgery, 2 cases of closure of ventricular septal perforation, 2 cases of Bentall operation and 1 case of ascending aortic replacement. The postoperative hemodynamic status were 15 cases of cardiogenic shock, 10 cases of hemorrhagic shock and 1 case of septic shock. Continuous intravenous infusion of 0.5 microgram/kg/min without initial bolus loading was administered immediately after the entrance of the intensive care unit. Significant increase in the maximum blood pressure 3 hours after the infusion were observed (84 +/- 17 mmHg vs 94 +/- 12, p = 0.033). The maximum blood pressure was increased gradually until 24 hours after the infusion. Significant increase in the peripheral body temperature 3 hours after the infusion were observed (32.5 +/- 2.0 degrees C vs 35.9 +/- 1.1 degrees C, p = 0.001). The difference between the peripheral temperature and the central body temperature diminished until 24 hours after the infusion. No significant change in the central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary and cardiac index wedge pressure were observed. No significant change in the platelet number was observed until 3 days after the infusion. Twenty patients (75%) were discharged. Four hospital deaths included 1 cardiac and 3 septic cause were seen. These data suggest that the administration of milrinone for the shock patients after cardiac surgery showed safe and that the continuous intravenous infusion of 0.5 microgram/kg/min without bolus loading showed effective for the recovery of the peripheral circulation. 相似文献
7.
Tohru Ide Tetsuo Kochi Kazuhiko Iijima Tadanobu Mizuguchi 《Journal canadien d'anesthésie》1996,43(1):44-49
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of increasing the concentrations of sévoflurane anaesthesia on the distribution of diaphragm blood flow (Qdi) in ten dogs during mechanical ventilation.Methods
Animals were divided into two groups, sévoflurane (n = 6) and time control (n = 4) groups. Blood flow to the crural and the costal diaphragm (Qcru, Qcost) was determined by the hydrogen clearance technique at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sévoflurane after a 30 min period of steady-state conditions. Cardiac output (CO) and the mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) were also measured.Results
Sevoflurane anaesthesia caused a reduction in CO (L · min?1) from a control value of 1.51 ± 0.21 to 1.38 ±0.1 (0.5 MAC), 1.09 ± 0.15 (1.0 MAC) and 0.98 ± 0.12 (1.5 MAC) (Mean ± SD). Mean blood pressure, Qcru and Qcost also decreased with increasing depth of anaesthesia. In addition, the decrease of Qcru was greater than that of Qcost at all levels of MBP and CO. No change occurred in these variables in the lime control group.Conclusion
Sevoflurane anaesthesia changes the distribution of Qdi with a greater reduction occurring in Qcru than in Qcost. 相似文献8.
Antitumor Immunity Induction by Intracellular Hyperthermia Using Magnetite Cationic Liposomes 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Mitsugu Yanase Masashige Shinkai Hiroyuki Honda Toshihiko Wakabayashi Jun Yoshida Takeshi Kobayashi 《Cancer science》1998,89(7):775-782
Induction of antitumor immunity to T-9 rat glioma by intracellular hyperthermia using functional magnetic particles was investigated. Magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs), which have a positive surface charge, were used as heating mediators for intracellular hyperthermia. Solid T-9 glioma tissues were formed subcutaneously on both femurs of female F344 rats, and MCLs were injected via a needle only into the left solid tumors (treatment side). The rats were then divided into two groups, which received no irradiation, or irradiation for 30 min given three times at 24-h intervals with an alternating magnetic field (118 kHz, 384 Oe). On the treatment side, the tumor tissue disappeared completely in many rats exposed to the magnetic field. The tumor tissue on the opposite side also disappeared completely, even though MCLs were not injected into the right solid tumors. To examine whether a long-lasting and tumor-specific immunity could be generated, the rats that had been cured by the hyperthermia treatment were rechallenged with T-9 cells 3 months later. After a period of transient growth, all tumors disappeared. Furthermore, immuno-cytochemical assay revealed that the immune response induced by the hyperthermia treatment was mediated by both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and accompanied by a marked augmentation of tumor-selective cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. These results suggest that our magnetic particles are potentially effective tools for hyperthermic treatment of solid tumors, because in addition to killing of the tumor cells by heat, a host immune response is induced. 相似文献
9.
Shin-ichi Fukumoto Naoko Yamauchi Hisashi Moriguchi Yoshitaka Hippo Akira Watanabe Junji Shibahara Hirokazu Taniguchi Shumpei Ishikawa Hirotaka Ito Shogo Yamamoto Hiroko Iwanari Mitsugu Hironaka Yuichi Ishikawa Toshiro Niki Yasunori Sohara Tatsuhiko Kodama Masaharu Nishimura Masashi Fukayama Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita Hiroyuki Aburatani 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(5):1776-1785
PURPOSE: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma of the lung are currently subject to similar treatment regimens despite distinct differences in histology and epidemiology. The aim of this study is to identify a molecular target with diagnostic and therapeutic values for SCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Genes specifically up-regulated in SCC were explored through microarray analysis of 5 SCCs, 5 adenocarcinomas, 10 small cell lung carcinomas, 27 normal tissues, and 40 cancer cell lines. Clinical usefulness of these genes was subsequently examined mainly by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Seven genes, including aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (AKR1B10), were identified as SCC-specific genes. AKR1B10 was further examined by immunohistochemical analysis of 101 non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and its overexpression was observed in 27 of 32 (84.4%) SCCs and 19 of 65 (29.2%) adenocarcinomas. Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking was an independent variable responsible for AKR1B10 overexpression in NSCLCs (P < 0.01) and adenocarcinomas (P < 0.01). AKR1B10 staining was occasionally observed even in squamous metaplasia, a precancerous lesion of SCC. CONCLUSION: AKR1B10 was overexpressed in most cases with SCC, which is closely associated with smoking, and many adenocarcinoma cases of smokers. These results suggest that AKR1B10 is a potential diagnostic marker specific to smokers' NSCLCs and might be involved in tobacco-related carcinogenesis. 相似文献
10.
Motohiro Hirao Hideyasu Omiya Koji Takami Kazuyoshi Yamamoto Kazuhiro Nishikawa Masataka Ikeda Atsushi Miyamoto Naoki Hama Masakazu Miyake Mamoru Uemura Sakae Maeda Shoji Nakamori Mitsugu Sekimoto 《Esophagus》2016,13(2):163-166