新疆昌吉州草地产权市场化经营机制的构建

人民日益增长的畜产品与传统牧业带来的草地严重退化的矛盾现状迫使各牧区政府寻求一条草地可持续发展的道路。本文通过分析新疆昌吉州草地牧业发展现状,提出昌吉州草地产权市场化经营机制,阐述以政府为主体的昌吉州草地产权交易市场的建立及运行框架,并解释运行机制中资金的流向,以期为昌吉州草地发展提供相关参考建议。     

Variation in the expression levels of predictive chemotherapy biomarkers in histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma: an immunohistochemical study of tissue samples

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma is often composed of a complex and heterogeneous mixture of histological subtypes. Invasive adenocarcinomas are now classified by their predominant pattern, using the comprehensive histological subtyping of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) classifications. This study aimed to determine whether the expression levels of predictive chemotherapy biomarkers are associated with the histological subtypes proposed by the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. Materials and Methods: We reviewed data on representative tissue samples from 27 patients who received surgical resection and the expression of excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1), class III β-tubulin, thymidylate synthase (TS), ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1), and c-Met were examined using immunostaining on tumor tissue slides. We assessed immunohistochemical H-scores, as calculated from the intensity and distribution of intratumor expression, according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS histological subtype. Results: The expression levels of predictive chemotherapy biomarkers varied according to histological subtype. The H-scores of TS and class III β-tubulin expression levels were higher in solid-type components than they were in lepidic-type components Tumors with solid predominant histology tended to recur earlier than non-solid predominant tumors. However, none of the H-scores in histologically predominant tissues was significantly associated with staging or overall survival. Conclusions: Immunohistochemical H-scores of the predictive chemotherapy biomarkers were strongly associated with histological subtype. The presence of a solid subtype, which was associated with poor outcomes, might be assessed by measuring these biomarkers in mixed subtype adenocarcinomas.     

基于水热技术的粪便污水中病原微生物灭活试验研究

针对新冠肺炎疫情持续阶段氯消毒工艺的劣势及应急状态的需求,开展水热强化灭菌技术处理粪便污水的研究。以大肠菌群和细菌作为指示微生物,探索不同温度下水热对样品中微生物的杀灭特性。结果表明,120～180℃温度下均可实现水样中微生物的完全灭活,且24 h放置后样品中微生物无法复活和增殖,可作为一种含病毒污水消毒工艺在应急状态下使用。连续式水热强化灭菌设备适合作为应急水处理设施对医疗废水、污泥和粪便进行消毒灭菌。     

Cancer‐associated fibroblast migration in non‐small cell lung cancers is modulated by increased integrin α11 expression

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) regulate cancer progression through the modulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cancer cell adhesion. While undergoing a series of phenotypic changes, CAFs control cancer–stroma interactions through integrin receptor signaling. Here, we isolated CAFs from patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and examined their gene expression profiles. We identified collagen type XI α1 (COL11A1), integrin α11 (ITGA11), and the ITGA11 major ligand collagen type I α1 (COL1A1) among the 390 genes that were significantly enriched in NSCLC‐associated CAFs. Increased ITGA11 expression in cancer stroma was correlated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with NSCLC. Increased expression of fibronectin and collagen type I induced ITGA11 expression in CAFs. The cellular migration of CAFs toward collagen type I and fibronectin was promoted via ERK1/2 signaling, independently of the fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1. Additionally, ERK1/2 signaling induced ITGA11 and COL11A1 expression in cancer stroma. We, therefore, propose that targeting ITGA11 and COL11A1 expressing CAFs to block cancer–stroma interactions may serve as a novel, promising anti‐tumor strategy.     

Atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates kidney–lung crosstalk in kidney injury

Background

Renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury after cardiovascular surgery, which in turn deteriorates oxygenation. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has natriuretic, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. To elucidate whether renal IRI induces inflammation in the kidney and lung and ANP attenuates kidney–lung crosstalk.

Materials and methods

The rats were anesthetized, tracheostomized, mechanically ventilated, and randomized to four groups: saline + IRI (n = 12), ANP + IRI (n = 12), ANP + sham (n = 6), and saline + sham (n = 6). Saline (6 mL/kg/h) or ANP (0.2 μg/kg/min) at the rate of 6 mL/kg/h was started 5 min before clamping, respectively. Renal IRI was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 30 min. The hemodynamics, arterial blood gases, and plasma concentrations of creatinine and lactate were measured at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 h after declamping. Lung wet-to-dry ratio was measured. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL) 1β, and IL-6 and histologic localization of TNF-α in the kidney and lung were measured.

Results

Renal IRI induced metabolic acidosis, pulmonary edema, increases in plasma concentrations of creatinine and lactate, and augmentation of the cytokine mRNA expression and histologic localization of TNF-α in the kidney and Renal IRI induced lung. ANP prevented IRI-induced metabolic acidosis, pulmonary edema, increases in creatinine, lactate, and the cytokine mRNA expression, attenuated histologic localization of TNF-α in the kidney and lung, and increased oxygenation.

Conclusions

ANP has renoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on the kidney and lung in a rat model of renal IRI, suggesting that ANP attenuates kidney–lung crosstalk.