肝癌患者脾脏免疫状态的研究

对16例肝癌病人外周血及脾静脉血T淋巴细胞亚群检测结果：1）肝癌患者较对照组外周血CD 3、CD 4细胞及CD4／CD8比值降低，CD 8细胞升高。2）肝癌患者脾静脉血较外周血CD 3、CD 4阳性细胞、CD4／CD8比例明显降低，CD 8显著升高。认为随着病程进展，脾脏不但不起正性免疫作用，反而转向负性免疫状态。同时，还对肝癌患者的脾脏手术问题进行了讨论。     

肺缺血再灌注损伤中氧化应激与Fas/FasL系统的关系

目的探讨肺缺血再灌注损伤中氧化应激与Fas/FasL系统的关系。方法采用在体兔单侧肺缺血再灌注损伤模型,日本大耳白兔40只,随机分为对照组,缺血再灌注1h、3h和5h组,每组10只。对比观察各组血浆超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量和一氧化氮水平,以及肺组织细胞凋亡指数及Fas/FasL mRNA定位表达。结果缺血再灌注组肺组织凋亡指数明显高于对照组(P<0.01);再灌注后Fas、FasL mRNA在肺血管内皮细胞、肺泡上皮细胞及支气管上皮细胞等呈阳性表达,明显强于对照组(P<0.01);丙二醛含量随再灌注时间延长逐渐增加(P<0.01),而超氧化物歧化酶活性与一氧化氮则随再灌注时间延长有所降低(P<0.01)。结论肺缺血再灌注损伤期间,氧化应激参与Fas/FasL系统的激活。     

TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6对机械通气患者ICU获得性肌无力诊断和预后的意义

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)和IL-6在评估机械通气患者ICU获得性肌无力(ICUAW)诊断和预后中的作用。方法将2017年7月至2019年6月入住本院重症医学科患者(75例),分为观察组(47例)、对照组(28例)。观察组又分为ICUAW治愈组和ICUAW未愈组。分别在机械通气后第3天、机械通气后第10天行神经电生理检查,监测TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达水平,分析TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6对机械通气患者ICU获得性肌无力诊断和预后的作用。结果观察组与对照组在机械通气第3天、机械通气后第10天TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达水平比较,观察组明显高于对照组(P 0. 05)。ICUAW未愈组与ICUAW痊愈组在机械通气后第10天TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达水平比较,ICUAW未愈组明显高于ICUAW痊愈组(P 0. 05)。机械通气第3天危重症多发性神经病(CIP)、危重症肌病(CIM)、危重症肌肉神经病(CIMN)之间TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6与ICU获得性肌无力发病存在相关性,机械通气患者持续TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平增高,提示预后不良。     

分次小剂量顺铂联合化疗对胃癌患者肾功能的影响

背景与目的:大剂量顺铂化疗对肾功能的损害已有共识,但小剂量的顺铂化疗对肾功能的影响还有待进一步考证,本研究旨在观察分次小剂量顺铂为主的联合化疗方案对胃癌患者肾功能的影响.方法:31例胃癌患者均采用分次小剂量顺铂(20 mg/m2,第1～3天)联合氟尿嘧啶、表阿霉素静脉化疗,于化疗前至化疗第14天,隔日查尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase,NAG)、γ-谷氨酰转酞酶(gamma-glutamyltransferase,γ-GT)及尿常规,化疗第7天及第14天查血肌酐及血尿素氮.结果:31例患者中有13例在化疗前各项检查指标均正常,而化疗后各项指标正常者仅1例.18例化疗前有1项或多项指标异常,多为尿NAG、γ-GT增高,两者在化疗第4天明显增高,2周左右仍未降至正常水平;而血肌酐及尿素氮无明显变化.结论:分次小剂量顺铂联合化疗对患者肾功能仍有一定影响,且持续时间较长.     

Underrecognition and undertreatment of atherothrombotic diseases: REACH Registry Taiwan baseline data.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Atherothrombosis is a generalized disease affecting different vascular beds, making it the leading cause of death worldwide. To evaluate the long-term risk of atherothrombotic risk factors and determine the predictors for atherothrombotic events, an international, prospective, observational study was initiated, in which Taiwan was involved. METHODS: The REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry recruited outpatients with either symptomatic atherothrombotic diseases or multiple risk factors. Baseline data were collected using a universal standard case report form. All subjects were followed to document future outcomes. In this paper, we analyzed the baseline data of the participants from Taiwan. RESULTS: In the REACH Registry, a total of 67,888 subjects from 44 countries were recruited. Among the 1062 Taiwanese participants, 971 were symptomatic subjects and 91 subjects were with risk factors only (RFO). In comparison with the global participants, the Taiwan patients were younger, with a higher prevalence of males, lower prevalence of hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, former smokers, and a greater prevalence of non-smokers. The baseline prevalence rates were: hypertension, 46.5%; fasting hyperglycemia, 38.4%; hypercholesterolemia, 45.8%; and hypertriglyceridemia, 42.8%. All these prevalence were higher than the global data, indicating an undertreatment status for the Taiwanese patients. Only 29 (2.7%) peripheral arterial disease (PAD) subjects were recruited in Taiwan, suggesting under recognition of this disease. The RFO Taiwanese patients had fewer former smokers and more non-smokers than the symptomatic patients, suggesting that smoking may be an important factor contributing to atherothrombotic diseases. CONCLUSION: In Taiwan, atherothrombotic outpatients were generally undertreated and PAD was underdiagnosed.     

NF-κB: A novel therapeutic pathway for gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Although gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a common chronic disease in clinical practice, has been widely studied, its potential adverse impact on patients is still a significant clinical concern. It is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and choose appropriate treatment according to its mechanism. The pathogenesis of GERD is diverse and complex. As the traditional treatment methods are expensive and ineffective in alleviating symptoms in some patients, new treatment options need to be explored. Our previous study suggested that the activation of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) in esophageal mucosa may be related to the injury of epithelial barrier function caused by reflux. Based on the literature and our previous study results, it is speculated that inhibition of NF-κB activation may block the insult of GERD on the esophageal mucosal barrier. NF-κB may play an important role in the development of GERD. This article reviews the pathogenesis of GERD and the relationship between NF-κB and GERD, in order to provide new strategies for the treatment of GERD.     

放化疗联合与单独化疗对晚期食管癌生存期影响的比较

目的探讨放化疗联合与单独化疗对晚期食管癌生存期和疾病进展时间的影响,观察紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期食管癌的近期疗效和不良反应。方法47例晚期和术后转移复发的食管鳞癌患者,应用紫杉醇175 mg/m2静脉点滴,d1;DDP 75 mg/m2静脉点滴,d1;21 d为1个周期。每2个周期评价疗效,将获得CR、PR和SD的患者非随机的分成可测量病灶的放射治疗组(A组)和继续化疗或观察组(B组)。结果入组的47例患者均可评价疗效,其中CR 1例,PR 19例,SD 24例, PD 3例,总有效率(CR PR)为42.6%(95%CI为0.28～0.58)。A组21例行放疗,中位疾病进展时间(TTP)为10个月,中位生存期为13个月;B组23例行化疗或未再治疗,其中位TTP为5个月,中位生存期11个月,两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.015,P<0.024)。化疗最常见的不良反应为脱发和骨髓抑制,无Ⅲ度以上不良反应和化疗相关死亡。放疗的不良反应主要为轻度骨髓抑制和乏力,但无中途停止和放疗相关死亡。结论紫杉醇联合DDP化疗后再放疗较单独化疗可延长晚期食管癌患者的生存时间,耐受性好,值得临床深入探讨。     

奥扎格雷对进展性脑血栓形成患者血小板活化功能变化的影响

目的：探讨奥扎格雷对进展性脑血栓形成患者血小板活化功能变化的影响。方法：68例颈内动脉系统进展性脑血栓形成患者随机分为奥扎格雷治疗组和丹参治疗组。应用流式细胞仪和单克隆抗体动态测定CD62p、CD63，行血小板活化指标和临床疗效对照观察。结果：进展性脑血栓形成患者发病早期（24h内）CD62p、CD63值较对照组显著增高（P〈0．001）。患者经丹参治疗后，血小板表达CD62p、CD63缓慢下降，14d时其值仍高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）。经奥扎格雷治疗后血小板表达CD62p、CD63快速下降，至14d时已接近健康对照组（P〉0．05）。奥扎格雷组临床疗效明显优于丹参组。结论：进展性脑血栓形成患者中血小板表达CD62p、CD63明显增加，并与病情转归相关。奥扎格雷治疗后可使CD62p、CD63快速下降、提高临床疗效。