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1.
AM Manganoni† C Farisoglio† G Tucci† F Facchetti‡ PG Calzavara Pinton† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2007,21(10):1333-1336
BACKGROUND: Development of more than one primary melanoma in a patient is a relatively uncommon but well-recognized phenomenon. Its frequency has ranged from 1.2% to 8.2% in several series. This subgroup of patients with multiple primary lesions has not been characterized sufficiently. We report the experience of the Melanoma Unit of University Hospital Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy. METHOD: Study subjects were drawn from 1240 patients with histologically confirmed melanoma, including melanoma in situ. From this group, multiple melanomas developed in 47 patients (3.79%). Every one of our patients has been taught to perform self-examination of the skin to detect suspicious pigmented lesions. RESULTS: Of the 47 patients described in this study, 38 had two primary melanomas, 7 had three melanomas and 2 had 5 and 10 melanomas, respectively. Mean age at first diagnosis was 46.2 years. The majority of subsequent melanomas (74.5%) were removed within 5 years of the initial operation. Synchronous lesions were found in 10 patients. In male patients, the lesion appeared most frequently on the trunk; in female patients, melanoma appeared mostly on the lower extremities. The second primary melanomas developed in the same anatomic region from the first in 53.2% of our patients. The proportion of in situ to invasive melanomas was greater for the second melanomas compared with the first melanomas. Regarding invasive melanomas, the mean thickness of the first melanomas was 1.31 mm compared with 0.66 mm for the second ones. Dividing patients into two groups, of more and less than 50, it is highlighted that in older patients synchronous lesions appear more frequently (36.4% vs. 8.0%); the median time interval between sequential melanomas is longer (84 vs. 63.7 months); and the ratio between the primary and secondary melanoma mean thickness is lower (1.21 : 1.08 vs. 1.43 : 0.63 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that second primary melanoma is usually thinner than the first lesion, and it is more common in the same region of the body as the initial melanoma. The highest risk for a second melanoma is during the first 5 years, but a much longer time interval of 28 years is possible. Continued medical follow-up with complete skin examinations seems prudent, but it is very important to promote self-skin evaluation in patients to detect not only metastases but also subsequent primary melanomas in their earliest phases. 相似文献
2.
Vicky E Macrae S Faisal Ahmed Talat Mushtaq Colin Farquharson 《Growth hormone & IGF research》2007,17(5):435-439
OBJECTIVE: To determine if glucocorticoids and proinflammatory cytokines inhibit bone growth through a common mechanism involving impaired IGF-I signalling. DESIGN: IGF-I (100 ng/ml), dexamethasone (dex) (10(-6)M) and IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) with inhibitors of the PI3K (LY294002) and Erk 1/2 (PD98059 and UO126) IGF-I pathways (all 10 microM) were studied using the ATDC5 chondrocyte cell line and murine fetal metatarsal cultures. RESULTS: IGF-I stimulated ATDC5 chondrocyte proliferation (322%; P < 0.001 versus control). Addition of PD or LY individually to IGF-I supplemented ATDC5 cultures partially reduced proliferation by 32% (P < 0.001), and 66% (P < 0.001), respectively. PD and LY in combination blocked all IGF-I stimulated ATDC5 proliferation. LY significantly reversed IGF-I stimulatory effects on metatarsal growth (P < 0.001), whereas PD and UO treatment had no effect. IGF-I induced ATDC5 proliferation was further decreased when Dex (24%; P < 0.01) or IL-1beta (33%; P < 0.001) were added to PD but not LY cultures. Metatarsal growth inhibition by LY was unaltered by Dex or IL-1beta addition. CONCLUSIONS: Both the PI3K and Erk 1/2 pathways contributed independently to IGF-I mediated ATDC5 proliferation. However in metatarsal cultures, the Erk 1/2 pathway was not required for IGF-I stimulated growth. Dex and IL-1beta may primarily inhibit IGF-I induced bone growth through the PI3K pathway. 相似文献
3.
Godges JJ Macrae H Longdon C Tinberg C Macrae PG 《The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy》1989,10(9):350-357
The purpose of this study was to 1) compare two commonly practiced stretching techniques to determine which is most effective for improving hip range of motion, and 2) evaluate the effect of these techniques on gait economy. Seven asymptomatic males, 18-22 years of age, served as subjects. Goniometric measurements of hip range of motion (ROM) and gait economy, as measured by submaximal oxygen consumption of walking and running on a treadmill, were taken before and after each of the two stretching procedures, (a) static stretching, and (b) soft tissue mobilization with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (STM/PNF). Static stretching procedures resulted in significant improvements in ROM for hip extension (p < 0.01) and hip flexion (p < 0.01). The STM/PNF also resulted in significant improvements in hip extension ROM (p < 0.01) and hip flexion ROM (p < 0.05). There was a significant improvement in gait economy at 40% VO2max (p < 0.05), at 60% VO2max (p < 0.05), and at 80% VO2max (p < 0.01) following the static stretching procedure. The STM/PNF procedure improved gait economy only at one workload, 60% of VO2max (p < 0.05). These results suggest that a single bout of static stretching or STM/PNF was effective for improving hip ROM but static stretching was more effective for improving gait economy in young, asymptomatic males. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1989;10(9):350-357. 相似文献
4.
Tortoriello DV; McGovern PG; Colon JM; Loughlin J; Santoro N 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(11):3005-3008
We report an instance of critical ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a
highly responsive in-vitro fertilization patient despite the preventive
measure of a 4 day 'coast' interval during which no gonadotrophins were
administered while gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist therapy
continued until serum oestradiol concentrations fell below 3000 pg/ml.
相似文献
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8.
Battaglia C; Artini PG; Giulini S; Salvatori M; Maxia N; Petraglia F; Volpe A 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(11):2477-2482
The objective of this study was to evaluate the Doppler flow variations
which occur following the use of different protocols of ovarian stimulation
in an IVF programme, and to investigate the thromboxane production by
cultured endometrial cells and its influence on embryo implantation. A
total of 60 patients underwent three different ovarian stimulation
protocols: long gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), short
GnRH-a and no GnRH-a. Transvaginal ultrasonography and colour Doppler
analysis were performed before and during the treatment. On the day that
the Doppler examination took place, luteinizing hormone, follicle
stimulating hormone, plasma oestradiol and thromboxane concentrations were
assayed. On the day of oocyte retrieval, endometrial cells were collected
and cultured, and their thromboxane production evaluated. No significant
differences in hormonal, ultrasonographic or Doppler parameters were
observed between the three groups. Ten out of 56 patients who had a
successful embryo transfer became pregnant. In the group of pregnant women
the pulsatility index values of both uterine and spiral arteries was lower
than in non-pregnant patients, and was associated with significantly lower
thromboxane concentrations from cultured endometrial cells. It is concluded
that thromboxane plays a role in embryo implantation, and that Doppler flow
analysis of uterine and spiral arteries in infertile patients may be
important in the management of ovarian stimulation.
相似文献
9.
A longitudinal study of maternal serum inhibin-A, inhibin-B, activin-A, activin-AB, pro-alphaC and follistatin during pregnancy 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
Fowler PA; Evans LW; Groome NP; Templeton A; Knight PG 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(12):3530-3536
Maternal serum concentrations of inhibin-A, inhibin-B, activin-A,
activin-AB, pro-alphaC-related inhibin forms, total follistatin, steroids
and gonadotrophins were measured longitudinally in six normal singleton
pregnancies. Maternal venous blood was collected randomly during a
spontaneous follicular phase prior to donor insemination, at 5, 7, 9, 11,
16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 weeks after the first missed menses and in the
early puerperium. Steroid and gonadotrophin profiles conformed to previous
reports. While at week 5 of gestation inhibin-A, activin-A and follistatin
concentrations were similar to those at the follicular phase, all three
increased progressively (P < 0.001) to maximal concentrations in week
36: approximately 48-fold (3740 +/- 1349 ng inhibin-A/ml), approximately
22-fold (6109 +/- 1443 ng activin-A/ml) and approximately 10-fold (3563 +/-
418 ng follistatin/ml) higher. Pro- alphaC concentrations reached a maximum
in weeks 5 (approximately 5- fold, P < 0.001) and 36 (1027 +/- 174
pg/ml, P < 0.01). Inhibin-B (71 +/- 23 pg/ml prior to pregnancy) was
undetectable (<12 pg/ml) between week 5-16 of gestation but increased
slightly in the third trimester (26 +/- 7 pg/ml in week 36). Activin-AB was
undetectable throughout pregnancy. Post-partum concentrations of inhibin-A
(41 +/- 12 ng/ml), inhibin-B (<12 pg/ml), activin-A (950 +/- 149 pg/ml),
pro-alphaC (128 +/- 22 pg/ml) and follistatin (990 +/- 79 ng/ml) were
substantially lower than at week 36 of gestation. The activin-A:follistatin
ratio increased from 0.5 in week 5 to 1.8 in week 36, suggesting that more
free activin-A is available in the maternal circulation during late
pregnancy.
相似文献
10.