基于UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS的佛耳草多成分定量分析

目的 建立一种快速稳定的液质联用方法同时分析佛耳草中17种化学成分的含量,为完善佛耳草质量标准提供实验依据。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱法（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）对15批不同产地佛耳草中的17种成分进行定量分析,使用ACQUITY UPLC^? BEH C₁₈色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm）,以甲醇（A）-0.1%甲酸水溶液（B）为流动相梯度洗脱（0~1.0 min,8%A;1.0~4.0 min,8%~26%A;4.0~9.0 min,26%A;9.0~14.0 min,26%~34%A;14.0~14.5 min,34%~45%A;14.5~15.0 min,45%~60%A;15.0~18.0 min,60%~90%A;18.0~19.0 min,90%A;19.0~19.01 min,90%~8%A;19.01~20.0 min,8%A）,流速0.3 mL·min^-1,柱温40 ℃,进样量2 μL;运用电喷雾离子源,正、负离子模式全扫描,扫描范围m/z 100~1 000。结果 所建立的测定方法经方法学验证良好,能够用于17种成分的同时定量。15批佛耳草样品中奎宁酸、没食子酸、原儿茶酸、新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、1,3-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、异绿原酸A、异槲皮苷、1,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、大波斯菊苷、紫云英苷、异绿原酸C、木犀草素、芹菜素、高车前素的质量范围依次为39.60~179.12、0.17~0.84、2.41~8.38、4.33~31.50、13.63~180.38、2.43~14.75、1.16~19.68、0.49~5.63、55.77~445.16、0.23~10.26、62.04~530.10、1.11~18.01、11.36~90.61、12.22~65.98、7.22~69.84、3.37~45.65、0.30~2.59 μg·g^-1,其中有机酸类成分在佛耳草中含量比黄酮类成分更高,以1,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、异绿原酸A、奎宁酸、绿原酸含量较高,同时,贵州产地佛耳草样品中黄酮类成分含量高于江苏产地样品,江苏产地佛耳草样品中有机酸类成分含量则高于贵州产地样品。结论 建立的检测方法可用于佛耳草中17种成分含量的快速、准确测定,明确了佛耳草主要成分的含量范围,可为佛耳草质量控制标志物的选择提供参考。     

异丙酚氯胺酮混合液静脉麻醉

选择 40例 ASA ～ 级病人行异丙酚氯胺酮 (1∶ 2 )复合静脉麻醉。结果麻醉诱导后血压、心率与麻醉前相比无明显变化 ,2 0 %病人出现一过性 SPO2 下降 (<94% )。麻醉诱导苏醒快 ,满意率高 ,恢复期无精神症状。表明异丙酚可控制氯胺酮的心血管兴奋作用和恢复期精神症状 ,氯胺酮可减轻异丙酚的心血管抑制作用。两者配伍是一种较好的短效静脉麻醉方式 ,但仍存在呼吸抑制作用 ,应引起注意。     

Combined therapy of hypertensive nephropathy with ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection and antihypertensive drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:In recent years, the incidence rate of hypertensive nephropathy has been increasing quickly, which has been a major threat to people''s health. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers have certain curative effects. However, there are some patients having serious adverse reactions, and the benefit population is limited, so the treatment of hypertensive renal damage is necessary to have beneficial supplement. More and more clinical studies have shown that ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection (GDI) combined with antihypertensive drugs has achieved good results in the treatment of hypertensive renal damage. It is supposed to be a supplementary treatment in hypertensive nephropathy.Objectives:To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of GDI combined with antihypertensive drugs on hypertensive renal injury.Methods:Seven databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang database, China biomedical literature service system (Sino Med), VIP Chinese Sci-tech journal database (VIP), and China national knowledge internet (CNKI) were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the experimental group containing combined therapy of hypertensive nephropathy with GDI and antihypertensive drugs. The retrieval time was from the establishment of database to July 8, 2020. Two researchers independently selected literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the study. The methodological quality was evaluated with Cochrane handbook and meta-analysis was performed with Stata 14.0 software.Results:Eight studies were included in this study which involved 556 patients. The meta-analyses indicated that, compared with using antihypertensive drugs alone, combined treatment of GDI with antihypertensive drugs can decrease 24-hour urinary total protein (weighted mean difference [WMD] –0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.82, –0.39; k = 6, P ≤ .001), blood urea nitrogen (WMD –1.27, 95% CI: –2.45, –0.10; k = 6, P = .033, serum creatinine (WMD –29.50, 95% CI: –56.44, –2.56; number of estimates [k] = 6, P = .032).Conclusions:Our meta-analyses showed that GDI combined with antihypertensive drugs can improve the renal function of hypertensive patients with renal injury.     

Safety and diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous CT-guided transthoracic biopsy of small lung nodules (≤20 mm) adjacent to the pericardium or great vessels

PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate the safety and diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic biopsy of small lung nodules (≤20 mm) adjacent to the pericardium or great vessels.METHODSThis retrospective study examined the safety and diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous CT-guided biopsy for small lung nodules (≤20 mm) located within 10 mm of the pericardium or great vessels. Technical aspects and factors influencing complications were assessed, and diagnostic accuracy was calculated.RESULTSA total of 168 biopsies were performed in 168 patients. The complications were mainly pneumothorax (34.5%; 58 of 168 patients), chest tube insertion (5.3%; 9 of 168 patients), and pulmonary hemorrhage (61.3%; 103 of 168 procedures), with no patient mortality. One patient (0.6%) was admitted because of hemorrhage complications. Significant independent risk factors for pneumothorax were nodules resided in upper or middle lobes and lateral patient position, and for hemorrhage, longer distance from structures and longer needle trajectory through the lung parenchyma. Overall, the sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity were 91.0%, 92.2%, and 100%, respectively.CONCLUSIONPercutaneous CT-guided transthoracic biopsy was highly accurate in small lung nodules (≤20 mm) adjacent to the pericardium or great vessels. Complications are common, but most were minor and self-limited.

In recent years, with wide availability of computed tomography (CT) and the development of low-dose CT screening techniques, more small lung nodules (≤20 mm) have been detected (1–3). Lee et al. (4) reported that small lung nodules were detected at a rate of 44.5%, and that 39.7% of lung cancers were found in small nodules. Accurate histopathological diagnosis is of great importance in management of these nodules, but biopsy via fluoroscopy or ultrasound guidance is technically more difficult, and CT guidance is usually required (5).Percutaneous CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy is a reasonably safe and accurate approach to the histological diagnosis of primary and secondary lung nodules (4, 6, 7). However, nodule size is the major determinant of diagnostic accuracy, which reached 96.9% for larger nodules (7), but ranged from 52% to 78.8% for small nodules (8, 9).Biopsy of small lung nodules close to proximity to the pericardium or great vessels is particularly challenging, and precise needle placement is essential to avoid complications resulting from non-target tissue injury near vital mediastinal or vascular structures. Hsu et al. (10) suggested that CT-guided lung biopsy should be avoided if the adjacent nodule is within 10 mm of the pericardium.The authors know of no related studies of biopsy of small lung nodules close to the pericardium or great vessels. This study, therefore, was conducted to examine the safety and diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided transthoracic biopsy of small lung nodules (≤20 mm) within 10 mm of the pericardium or great vessels.     

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus manifesting as rapidly progressive dementia and infarction in the splenium of the corpus callosum: A case report

Rationale:Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a heterogeneous disease with multiple subtypes. NCSE poses great diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the lack of typical symptoms. Here, we report a case of NCSE manifesting as rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) and infarction in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Additionally, the relevant literature was reviewed.Patient concerns:A 63-year-old man presented with RPD. Electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed NCSE, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an isolated infarction in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Mini-mental state examination showed moderate cognitive impairment (14/30 points).Diagnosis:A diagnosis of NCSE with RPD and infarction in the splenium of the corpus callosum was made.Interventions:The patient was treated with intravenous diazepam (10 mg), oral levetiracetam (1.0g twice daily), oral sodium valproate (0.2g twice daily), and intramuscular phenobarbital sodium (0.2g once daily).Outcomes:After the treatment, the symptoms were improved. The patient could answer questions. Repeated EEG showed that the background a rhythm was slightly overdeveloped, and no clinical or electrical seizures were observed. After discharge, the patient was treated with oral levetiracetam (1.0g twice daily) and oral sodium valproate (0.2g twice daily) for 6 months. At the last follow-up, the patient had clear consciousness, sensitive response, and fluent answering ability. Repeated mini-mental state examination showed that his cognitive function was significantly improved (28/30 points); nevertheless, the lesion in the splenium of corpus callosum remained unchanged on MRI.Lessons:NCSE manifesting as RPD and infarction in the splenium of the corpus callosum is extremely rare. Epileptic events and focal infarction are usually overlooked in patients with dementia, and the diagnostic value of MRI and EEG should be highlighted     

短暂性脑缺血发作和轻度缺血性脑卒中后早期认知障碍特点

目的应用蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表(MoCA-BC)认知域指数得分(CDIS)分析短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)和轻度缺血性脑卒中患者早期认知障碍的神经心理特点。方法纳入TIA或急性轻度缺血性脑卒中患者86例,收集临床资料并应用MoCA-BC进行神经心理评估。根据MoCA-BC得分分为认知障碍组和无认知障碍组,并通过CDIS的评分方法计算MoCA-BC CDIS,比较两组患者的临床特点和MoCA-BC CDIS的差异。结果与无认知障碍组相比,认知障碍组患者的年龄较大、受教育年限较短、高血压患者所占比例较高(P<0.05)。认知障碍组的MoCA-BC执行力指数(MoCA-BC EIS)、记忆指数(MoCA-BC MIS)、语言能力指数(MoCA-BC LIS)、视空间能力指数(MoCA-BC VIS)、注意力指数(MoCA-BC AIS)和定向力指数(MoCA-BC OIS)均低于无认知障碍组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论TIA和轻度缺血性脑卒中发生后早期认知功能损害涉及多个认知域,尤以执行功能、记忆力受损最为明显。     

中成药辅助PCI术后治疗心肌梗死的网状meta分析

目的 评价不同中成药辅助PCI治疗心肌梗死的临床疗效。方法 计算机检索CNKI、CBM、万方数据库、中国科学期刊数据库（VIP）、PubMed、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science等8个电子数据库,搜集关于中成药辅助PCI治疗心肌梗死的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trials,RCTs）。根据Cochrane标准对纳入RCTs的风险进行评估,并通过R 3.4.3和Stata 14软件进行网状meta分析。对不同中成药辅助PCI治疗心肌梗死患者的脑钠肽（brain natriuretic peptide,BNP）、不良心血管事件、左室射血分数进行比较。结果 纳入的16个研究包含了1 824例心肌梗死患者和4种比较常用的中成药（麝香保心丸、芪参益气滴丸、通心络胶囊、复方丹参滴丸）。网状meta分析显示,复方丹参滴丸、麝香保心丸和通心络胶囊能够降低不良心血管事件的发生率,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在改善心肌梗死患者左室射血分数方面,中成药辅助PCI的效果优于PCI治疗,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）;在降低心肌梗死患者BNP方面,中成药辅助PCI和PCI治疗差异无统计学意义。结论 现有证据表明,使用中成药辅助PCI治疗可以使心肌梗死患者受益。然而,受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,本研究结论尚需开展更多高质量研究予以证实。     

Effect of cobalt addition on the structure and properties of Ni–MCM-41 for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas

A one-step hydrothermal crystallization method was used to synthesize Co–Ni–MCM-41 catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas reaction. Co was added as an assistant in the synthesis process. The formation of a Ni–Co alloy decreased the damage of Ni ions to the framework of MCM-41. The Ni–Co alloy introduced more Ni into the channel exposing more active sites. The properties of the synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption–desorption, TEM, ICP, FT-IR, H₂-TPR, XPS and TGA techniques. Co–Ni–MCM-41 catalysts showed superior catalytic performance and sintering resistance than Ni–MCM-41 catalyst without Co. The Ni–Co alloy inhibited the formation of the NiO, thus reducing the sintering of the catalyst. The result was attributed to higher metal dispersion and more regular pore structure of the Co–Ni–MCM-41 catalysts. When the Co content was 1%, a conversion of 88% and selectivity of 87% was achieved.

The Ni–Co alloy confined within MCM-41 improved dispersibility and the stability of Ni.     

阿糖胞苷联合光动力疗法对人白血病HL-60细胞作用的研究

目的 探讨阿糖胞苷（Ara-c）在癌光啉（PSD-007）介导的光动力疗法（PDT）杀伤人早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞中的联合作用.方法 实验分为空白对照组、PDT单独作用组（PDT l～4组,为光敏剂剂量（5、7.5μg/ml）和激光能量密度（1.2、2.4 J/cm^2）的两两组合）、Ara-c单独作用组（Ara-c A组和Ara-c B组中Ara-c质量浓度分别为0.3 μg/ml和1.2μg/ml）和联合作用组即上述PDT单独作用组和Ara-c单独作用组的两两组合.所有分组分别按3种时序即P24A时序（PDT作用24h后再加入Ara-c共同作用24h）、A24P时序（Ara-c作用24h后进行PDT再共同作用24h）和PA24时序（PDT作用的同时加入Ara-c再共同作用24h）进行处理.采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞活性,用金氏公式分析联合效应,并用流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化.结果 小剂量PSD-007介导的PDT和Ara-c联合时,3种时序的联合作用均表现为协同效应;而大剂量PSD-007介导的PDT和Ara-c联合时,P24A和A24P 2种时序的联合作用效应为协同或相加,PA24时序则主要为相加或拮抗.流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化结果显示,Ara-c和PSD介导的PDT均能引起细胞周期G0/G1期阻滞.结论 Ara-c与PSD-007介导的PDT联合作用对HL-60细胞的杀伤有协同作用,其协同作用与剂量和作用时序相关,小剂量比大剂量协同效果明显,且Ara-c和PDT间隔24h作用比2者同时作用于该细胞的协同效果明显.