麦冬类中药组织切片计算机三维重建图鉴

利用计算机技术实现麦冬类中药组织连续切片三维重建与动态显示,为计算机辅助生药学鉴定和教学提供了新的三维图像技术和研究资料。     

用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮

用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮张正奇，曾鸽鸣，刘传桂，黎艳飞（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙４１００８２）碳糊电极无毒，制作方便，表面更新容易，应用电位范围广，在药物分析中已有应用［１～５］。我们在液体石腊中加入添加剂，组成混合粘合剂，可显著改善电极的检...     

In situ saphenous vein bypass grafts: angiographic evaluation and interventional repair of complications

In situ saphenous vein grafts are being used with increasing frequency for bypass procedures involving the femoral and popliteal arteries. Complications of these procedures include anastomotic stenoses and persistent arteriovenous fistulae that may result in failure of the graft. Balloon angioplasty and embolotherapy with detachable balloons were employed successfully in three or four recent cases of patients with complications from in situ grafts. Tailored angiography is essential for evaluating in situ grafts, and interventional techniques are extremely useful for managing complications.     

Photodynamic therapy inhibits transforming growth factor β activity associated with vascular smooth muscle cell injury

Purpose: The multifunctional cytokine, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β), plays an important role in the development of injury-associated intimal hyperplasia (IH). Strategies to suppress local TGF-β activity may have a clinical potential to prevent restenosis caused by IH. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the local generation of cytotoxic free radicals by light activation of photosensitizer dyes and has been shown to inhibit experimental IH. This study investigated whether PDT-generated free radicals can affect TGF-β activity in a biologic system using vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).Methods: The release and activation of TGF-β by injured SMCs in culture was compared between mechanical injury and PDT. Mechanical injury was induced with a rubber policeman, and PDT was performed with the photosensitizer chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (5 μg/ml) and 675 nm laser light at subtherapeutic 10 J/cm² and the in vivo therapeutic dose of 100 J/cm². Cell viability was assessed by the tetrazolium salt conversion assay, and active and total (active + latent) TGF-β was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the conditioned media of SMCs 24 hours after treatment. Functional TGF-β activity was assessed by inhibition of endothelial cell mitogenesis.Results: Both forms of injury severely reduced (p < 0.0005) SMC viability to less than 15%. In untreated SMC conditioned media, only 14.5% of the total TGF-β was active (27.7 ± 8.7 pg per 1 × 10⁵ cells). However, after mechanical injury and PDT with 10 J/cm², there was a significant increase (p < 0.02) in active TGF-β (60.1 ± 10.1 pg and 48.6 ± 21.0 pg, respectively), despite a total reduction of approximately 50%. In contrast to this result, PDT with 100 J/cm² did not result in increased levels of active TGF-β (8.1 ± 3.5 pg), despite having similar levels of total TGF-β. Consequently, the conditioned media of SMCs that had 100 J/cm² PDT did not inhibit endothelial cell mitogenesis as compared with the conditioned media of SMCs with mechanical injury and 10 J/cm² PDT (p < 0.0002).Conclusions: This report describes two novel findings: (1) injury to SMCs in vitro induces the conversion of biologically latent TGF-β to active TGF-β; and (2) the therapeutic PDT dose interferes with this injury activation process. This study substantiates the concept of local cytokine inhibition by PDT in a biologic system and provides new insights into the mechanisms of PDT-mediated inhibition of experimental IH. (J Vasc Surg 1997;25:1033-43.)     

Association between pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma, malignant liver cysts, and polycystic disease of the kidney

Polycystic kidney disease is an autosomal dominant disease that may be associated with cystic disease of the liver. In women, the cysts may develop early and be more troublesome than in men. Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas is uncommon, comprising 1% of primary pancreatic malignancies. This case report is the first to describe a familial association between polycystic kidney disease and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas and liver in the English medical literature. A patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and multiple hepatic cysts developed cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas with multiple malignant liver cysts. The patient's mother, sister, and niece had ADPKD, and the patient's sister also died of pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma. We believe that the development of these two disease entities in which the primary pathology is cyst formation has a genetic association. (Gastroenterology 1997 Jun;112(6):2104-7)     

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: comparison of MR imaging with CT and I-131 MIBG scintigraphy

To ascertain the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas and to compare MR with computed tomography (CT) and iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG), 19 patients (18 with pheochromocytomas, one with a paraganglioma) were studied. The 18 patients with pheochromocytomas had had positive findings with I-131 MIBG scintigraphy. Abdominal pheochromocytomas were generally hypointense compared with normal liver on T1-weighted MR images and extremely hyperintense on T2-weighted MR images. MR imaging was preferable to CT in the evaluation of primary pheochromocytomas due to superior tissue characterization, particularly in the patient with hypertension and borderline catecholamine levels. For patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, the data suggest that I-131 MIBG scintigraphy is the examination of choice.     

Evaluation of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for rotavirus antigen in faeces

A new commercial test for the diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis was assessed. With some modifications it compared favourably with electron microscopy and immunofluorescence.