全文获取类型
收费全文 | 982篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 16篇 |
儿科学 | 3篇 |
妇产科学 | 7篇 |
基础医学 | 130篇 |
口腔科学 | 40篇 |
临床医学 | 63篇 |
内科学 | 198篇 |
皮肤病学 | 15篇 |
神经病学 | 60篇 |
特种医学 | 31篇 |
外科学 | 138篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 31篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 37篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 252篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 23篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 54篇 |
2010年 | 32篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 50篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 45篇 |
2005年 | 39篇 |
2004年 | 52篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 42篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 45篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1967年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1028条查询结果,搜索用时 19 毫秒
1.
Tadashi Kano MD Toshiro Koga Kuniyasu Souda Yoshishige Abe Tomohiro Yonemura Naokata Oka Kiyoshi Inokuchi 《Surgery today》1987,17(4):269-275
The usefulness of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as an indicator for recurrence and a guide to the treatment was evaluated
from a retrospective analysis of 88 patients with recurrent gastric cancer. Sixty-two of these patients (70.5 per cent), 25
of whom had a preoperative positive assay, and 37 a negative assay, had elevated levels of CEA after disease progression.
Averaged CEA level in patients with liver metastasis was significantly higher (872 ng/ml) than in those with peritoneal metastasis
(68 ng/ml), with lymph node metastasis (103 ng/ml) or with local metastasis (93 ng/ml) (p<0.01). An elevation of CEA was found
prior to the clinical manifestation of recurrence, and the average lead time was 4 months. In 25 patients with a lead time
of more than 4 months, survival time after CEA elevation was 13.3 months, which was longer than the 6.5 months of 28 patients
with less than 4 months. Thirty-seven of the 88 patients were treated after recurrence. The average survival period after
the detection of recurrence was 9.4 months in patients with surgical treatments followed by chemotherapy, 5.9 months in those
with chemotherapy alone and 3.8 months in those with surgery alone. The average survival period of 26 patients with positive
CEA assays in recurrence was 5.1 months longer than of patients with negative assays. This fact suggested that early detection
of recurrence followed by various treatments, in the elevated CEA group, contributes to favorable results. 相似文献
2.
Kuniyasu H Yasui W Shinohara H Yano S Ellis LM Wilson MR Bucana CD Rikita T Tahara E Fidler IJ 《The American journal of pathology》2000,157(5):1523-1535
We determined whether hyperplastic mucosa adjacent to colon cancer contributes to neoplastic angiogenesis. Surgical specimens of human colon cancer (40 Dukes' stage B and 34 Dukes' stage C) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of proliferative and angiogenic molecules. The mucosa adjacent to Dukes' stage C tumors (but not Dukes' stage B tumors) had a higher Ki-67 labeling index and a higher expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor-alpha than distant mucosa. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-8, and the vascular density in the adjacent mucosa were similar to those in the tumor lesions and significantly higher than those in the distant mucosa. The expression of interferon-beta inversely correlated with the level of pro-angiogenic molecules and the vascular density. The injection of metastatic human colon cancer cells and murine colon cancer cells into the cecal wall of mice induced hyperplastic changes in the adjacent mucosa which expressed higher levels of epidermal growth factor receptor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, and lower levels of interferon-beta than did the control mucosa, which directly correlated with the degree of hyperplasia. These data suggest that metastatic human colon cancer cells can induce hyperplasia in the adjacent mucosa, which in turn produces angiogenic molecules that contribute to neoplastic angiogenesis. 相似文献
3.
Wataru Yasui Zhong-Qiang Ji Hiroki Kuniyasu Ayse Ayhan Hiroshi Yokozaki Hisao Ito Eiichi Tahara 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1992,421(6):513-519
Summary The expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-) was examined in various human tissues and the fetus, using immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analysis. TGF- immunoreactivity was detected mainly in the epithelial cells of the digestive tract, liver, pancreas, kidney, thyroid, adrenal, skin, mammary gland and genital organs. In the digestive tract, epithelial cells with regenerative change or hyperplastic change showed strong immunoreactivity to TGF-. Peripheral nerve, vessels, megakaryocytes and macrophages in the lung and spleen were also positive for TGF-. By Northern blot analysis the expression of TGF- mRNA was confirmed in the digestive tract, salivary gland, thyroid, kidney and mammary gland. In the human fetus, the nerve tissues, liver, adrenal and kidney were positive for TGF-. Strong immunoreactivity to TGF- was observed in the hepatocytes of the fetus. These findings indicate that TGF- is produced by a variety of nonneoplastic cells in both adult and fetal tissues. 相似文献
4.
5.
Ken Hayashi Hiroki Kuniyasu Naohide Oue Hideo Shigeishi Kazuya Kuraoka Hirofumi Nakayama Wataru Yasui 《Pathobiology》2002,70(1):40-46
DNA damage triggers the activation of checkpoints that delay cell cycle progression to allow for DNA repair. Loss of G2 checkpoints provides a growth advantage for tumor cells undergoing aberrant mitosis. However, the precise mechanisms of G2 checkpoints acting in gastric cancer are unknown. Here, we analyzed the G2 checkpoint function in two gastric cancer cells, MKN-28 cells containing a mutant p53 gene and MKN-45 cells which have wild-type p53. Two agents damaging DNA, camptothecin (CPT) or ultraviolet light (UV), were utilized to trigger a G2 phase cell cycle checkpoint response in these tumor cells. Both CPT and UV inhibited the growth of MKN-45 cells, whereas they did not affect the growth of MKN-28 cells. CPT induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and enhanced the expression of human RAD9 (hRAD9) in MKN-45 cells. In addition, hRAD9 showed perinuclear staining and similar localization with Bcl-2 in MKN-45 cells but not in MKN-28 cells after having applied CPT or UV light. These results suggest that besides p53 activity, the induction of hRAD9 is required for G2/M checkpoint signal transduction in gastric cancer cells. 相似文献
6.
Basophils are the main cell component in cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) reactions, but the role of basophils and the factors which gather them into CBH reaction sites are unknown. To investigate these problems, we induced CBH reactions in guinea pigs and observed basophils and mast cells in the skin reaction sites using light and electron microscopy. Basophils infiltrated into CBH reaction site appeared at 5 h after the challenge with antigen, increased till 48 h and decreased thereafter. On the other hand, the number of mast cells and their granules decreased after the challenge with antigen and reached a minimum at 48 h, but recovered at 96 h. The changes in the number of basophils and mast cells were complementary. This result suggested that the granules of mast cells may have a factor to gather basophils into the CBH skin reaction site. Furthermore, basophils infiltrated in the CBH reaction site were degranulated by the rechallenge with antigen, which was considered to be by an anaphylactic reaction. 相似文献
7.
Takahashi T; Kuniyasu Y; Toda M; Sakaguchi N; Itoh M; Iwata M; Shimizu J; Sakaguchi S 《International immunology》1998,10(12):1969-1980
Elimination of CD25+ T cells, which constitute 5-10% of peripheral CD4+ T
cells in normal naive mice, leads to spontaneous development of various
autoimmune diseases. These immunoregulatory CD25+CD4+ T cells are naturally
unresponsive (anergic) in vitro to TCR stimulation, and, upon stimulation,
suppress proliferation of CD25-CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. The antigen
concentration required for stimulating CD25+CD4+ T cells to exert
suppression is much lower than that required for stimulating CD25-CD4+ T
cells to proliferate. The suppression, which results in reduced IL-2
production by CD25-CD4+ T cells, is dependent on cellular interactions on
antigen-presenting cells (and not mediated by far-reaching or long-lasting
humoral factors or apoptosis-inducing signals) and antigen non-specific in
its effector phase. Addition of high doses of IL-2 or anti-CD28 antibody to
the in vitro T cell stimulation culture not only breaks the anergic state
of CD25+CD4+ T cells, but also abrogates their suppressive activity
simultaneously. Importantly, the anergic/suppressive state of CD25+CD4+ T
cells appeared to be their basal default condition, since removal of IL-2
or anti-CD28 antibody from the culture milieu allows them to revert to the
original anergic/suppressive state. Furthermore, transfer of such
anergy/suppression-broken T cells from normal mice produces various
autoimmune diseases in syngeneic athymic nude mice. These results taken
together indicate that one aspect of immunologic self-tolerance is
maintained by this unique CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic/suppressive T cell
population and its functional abnormality directly leads to the development
of autoimmune disease.
相似文献
8.
Telomerase is an enzyme required by actively dividing cells to maintain the ends of chromosomes (telomeres). It is present in germline tissue, stem cells and cancer cells, but is repressed in somatic cells. Efforts are underway to exploit this selective expression of telomerase in cancer therapeutics. This review describes the status of telomerase research, which although at present predominantly preclinical, has the potential to enter clinical research. 相似文献
9.
A case of granulomatous nephritis after intrarenal bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is reported. High fever greater than 38.5 degrees C lasted for 1 month, without response to conservative therapy. Standard nephroureterectomy was subsequently carried out. Histopathologic findings from the surgical specimen were compatible with BCG-induced granulomatous nephritis. The use of a syringe pump for retrograde instillation of BCG was thought to be the major cause of this severe complication. 相似文献
10.
Epidemiological study on HIV/AIDS in Cambodia seroprevalence of HIV/STD among commercial sex workers
Ohshige K Morio S Mizushima S Kitamura K Tajima K Ito A Suyama A Usuku S Phalla T Leng HB Sopheab H Eab B Soda K 《[Nihon kōshū eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health》1999,46(1):61-70
OBJECTIVE: To describe epidemiological features of HIV prevalence among female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Cambodia, a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire study and serological tests was carried out from December 1997 to January 1998. We report the main results of the analyses of serological tests in this article. METHODS: Two hundred ninety six CSWs working in Sisophon and Poi Pet, located in northwest Cambodia, Bantey Mean Chey province, were recruited for interview based on a questionnaire on sexual behavior, and serological tests. The blood samples were examined for HIV antibody, Chlamydia trachomatis IgG antibody, TPHA, Hepatitis B surface antigen, and Hepatitis B surface antibody. The relationship between HIV and the other STD's was analyzed by using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The HIV seroprevalence rate was 43.9% (130 out of 296). The seropositive rate of Chlamydia trachomatis IgG antibody (C.T.-IgG-Ab) was 73.3% (217 out of 296). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between C.T.-IgG-Ab positive and HIV prevalence. (Odds Ratio: 5.33; 95% Confidence Interval, 2.82-10.07). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the existence of Chlamydia trachomatis is closely related with HIV prevalence among CSWs in Cambodia. Other STDs may also increase susceptibility to male-to-female sexual transmission of HIV. This suggests that appropriate prevention against STDs will be needed for the control of HIV prevalence in Cambodia. 相似文献