孤立性乳晕顶泌腺色汗症

作介绍了1例孤立性乳晕顶泌腺色汗症的11岁女童，这是在Medline（医学献分析与检索系统）中引证的最年轻病例，本回顾性章的目的是增加初级保健提供对顶泌腺色汗症的认识并对治疗进行讨论。0．025％的辣椒碱乳膏是一个已被证实的治疗方法，它可减少患所遇到的潜在心理影响和窘迫。     

Is cholesterol a culprit in Alzheimer's disease?

A pivotal role for cholesterol influence on production of the putative AD toxin, amyloid beta (Abeta), has been amply demonstrated. More importantly, this relationship has consistently been identified in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Lowering cholesterol levels has been shown to cause a beneficial effect on Abeta levels in animal models, and epidemiological data indicate a beneficial effect on the risk of AD with prior statin use. Blinded, placebo-controlled clinical investigations assessing the benefit of statins on cognitive indices in mild to moderate AD are ongoing and one will be reported on soon. A prospective study assessing the effect of statin use on the risk of AD is under way as an observational component of a placebo-controlled primary prevention trial testing anti-inflammatory agents. Nevertheless, the foregoing suggests that routine monitoring and intervention for elevated cholesterol levels among the elderly could promote more than a healthy heart.     

GDNF-Enhanced Axonal Regeneration and Myelination Following Spinal Cord Injury is Mediated by Primary Effects on Neurons

我们先前研究表明胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）联合施万细胞移植能促进脊髓损伤后轴突再生和髓鞘形成。然而,GDNF介导这一过程的细胞靶点尚不清楚。在此,我们报道了GDNF可增加在体再生轴突的数目和直径,并促进体外背根神经节神经元的轴突向外生长,提示GDNF对神经元有直接作用。在施万细胞一背根神经节神经元共培养下,GDNF显著增加施万细胞生成的髓鞘数目;GDNF处理对孤立培养的施万细胞增殖无作用,但可促进已与神经轴突有突触联系的施万细胞增殖;GDNF可增加孤立施万细胞中分子量为140kDa的神经细胞黏附分子（NCAM）的表达,但对黏附分子L1表达或神经营养因子NGF、NT3及BDNF分泌没有影响。总之,这些结果支持假设：GDNF提高轴突再生和施万细胞髓鞘形成主要是通过GDNF对神经元的直接作用介导的,并且提示GDNF联合施万细胞移植可能是促进脊髓损伤后轴突再生和髓鞘形成的有效策略之一。     

不同年龄层次男子的精液特征和性行为:年龄效应

目的:评估不同年龄层次男子的精液特征和性行为,以确认年龄是否对其有影响。方法:女方所致不育夫妇中,取接受体外受精或宫内人工受精的男子(792人)精液作为样本。用精子采集器在性交过程中采集样本,并用 WHO 的标准人工评估精液特征。将这些男子根据年龄分为4组:(i)20-30、(ii)31-40、(iii)41-50和(iv)51-60岁。比较他们的精液特征和填写的性行为反应调查表。结果:数据显示不同年龄层次的男子之间的精液特征,尤其是精子浓度、活力、活力等级、低渗肿胀和正常精子形态,有显著统计差异。用严格标准而不是 WHO 标准评估时,正常精子形态随年龄的下降更显著。精子总量、总活动精子和总功能精子成分(使用 WHO 标准和严格标准评估)也有差异。年龄男子的计划怀孕年份、性行为频率和性交满意度与低龄男子相比也有显著差异。结论:本研究数据明显表明年龄对精液特征和性行为有影响,说明用 WHO 标准进行常规的精液分析以制定正常精液特征标准值时应该考虑年龄影响。