Low back pain (LBP), a widely prevalent and costly disease around the world, is mainly caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). Although numerous factors may trigger this degenerative process, microbiome dysbiosis has recently been implicated as one of the likely causes. However, the exact relationship between the microbiome and IDD is not well understood. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms and discusses microbiome dysbiosis’s possible influence on IDD and LBP.
Methods
Prospective literature review.
Results
Alterations in microbiome composition and host responses to the microbiota causing pathological bone development and involution, led to the concept of gut-bone marrow axis and gut-bone axis. Moreover, the concept of the gut-disc axis was also proposed to explain the microbiome’s role in IDD and LBP. According to the existing evidence, the microbiome could be an important factor for inducing and aggravating IDD through changing or regulating the outside and inside microenvironment of the IVD. Three potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can induce IVD and cause LBP are: (1) translocation of the bacteria across the gut epithelial barrier and into the IVD, (2) regulation of the mucosal and systemic immune system, and (3) regulation of nutrient absorption and metabolites formation at the gut epithelium and its diffusion into the IVD. Furthermore, to investigate whether IVD is initiated by pathogenic bacteria and establish the correlation between the presence of certain microbial groups with the disease in question, microbiome diversity analysis based on16S rRNA data can be used to characterise stool/blood microbiota from IVD patients.
Conclusion
Future studies on microbiome, fungi and viruses in IDD is necessary to revolutionize our thinking about their possible role in the development of IVD diseases. Furthermore, we believe that inflammation inhibition and interruption of amplification of cascade reaction in IVD by targeting the gut and IVD microbiome is worthwhile for the treatment of IDD and LBP.
Level of Evidence I
Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with the consistently applied reference standard and blinding.
Objective To identify epitope relating to BAC5 mcAb, a kind of monoclonal antibody (mcAb) located on the surface of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells.
Methods Using BAC5 mcAb as a selected target, the 3 rounds of biopanning to a 12 mer random peptide library (RPL) presented by M13 phages were
carried out. The positive M13 phage clones were chosen and confirmed with sandwich ELISA for antibody capture and competitive
assay. The exogenous DNA fragments in the positive/negative M13 phages were sequenced to deduce and compare the order of the
amino acids of exogenous peptides among the phage clones.
Results 77% (35/45) of the phages eluted from the 3rd round of biopnning could be captured by BAC5 mcAb. The 3 kinds of the peptides were displayed by M13 phages from the 8 positive clones identified with competitive assay.
The same character of “-P-V-” structure existed near N-terminus of the 3 different peptides, i. e.-H-Q-S-H-Y-P-Y-P-V-V-S-L-
(4/8)-Q-N-Q-A-W-F-S-Q-P-V-R-M-(3/8) and T-Q-A-Y-K-G-F-P-V-L-P-S- (1/8) in comparison with the peptide “-N-H-Q-S-T-F-W-Q-K-W-T-A-”
displayed by M13 phages from the negative clones (6/6).
Conclusion BAC5 mcAb can recognize the 3 kinds of the peptides with-P-V-structure near N-terminus. These peptides mimic the structure of
the epitope on the surface of NPC cells recognized by BAC5 mcAb.
This project was founded by Health Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. A1999212) 相似文献
Objective:In-stent restenosis (ISR) after stenting for intracranial stenosis is a significant issue. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the 3D T1-SPACE technique in the follow-up of patients after stent implantation.Methods:Fifteen patients with intracranial arterial stenosis were prospectively enrolled 6–8 months after stenting. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 3D T1-SPACE imaging were performed to evaluate the degree of stenosis and the enhancement of the vessel wall. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between the two imaging methods, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated as a measure of the linear correlation.Results:Eight Enterprise stents and seven Wingspan stents were used in 15 patients. The follow-up DSA after 6–8 months showed that the degree of stenosis was 40% (range, 30–72%), and ISR occurred in 4 of 15 (26.7%) lesions. The degree of stenosis assessed using the 3D T1-SPACE imaging technique was 35% (range, 30–75%). All four patients with ISR demonstrated significant enhancement. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.959 (p < 0.05), and the Bland–Altman plot showed that all data points were within the consistency limits ( ± 1.96 s).Conclusion:As a non-invasive imaging modality, 3D T1-SPACE showed great consistency with DSA in measuring the degree of stenosis after intracranial stenting. It may be used as an optional method for detecting ISR.Advances in knowledge:This study evaluated the usefulness of 3D T1-SPACE technique in the follow-up of patients after stent implantation, which could be used as an optional and non-invasive method in detection of in-stent restenosis. 相似文献