蒙药绿松石的质量标准研究＊

目的 建立蒙药绿松石的质量标准。方法 收集不同产地绿松石，共10批。观察绿松石样品和粉末的性状并进行理化鉴别；按2020年版《中国药典》（四部）通则方法测定绿松石样品中水分、浸出物含量；采用原子吸收光谱法测定绿松石样品铜元素含量。结果 绿松石为不规则、周围带有黑石的块状物，表面蓝绿色，体重，质硬脆，难砸碎，断面呈贝壳状，蜡样光泽，粉末呈灰绿色，无臭，味淡；理化鉴别结果显示，呈铜盐反应；10批次样品中水分含量为0.41%-3.94%（SD=1.37%），浸出物含量为0.21%-0.81%（SD=0.21%），铜元素含量为3.03%-4.63%（SD=0.63%）。结论 初步拟定绿松石中水分含量不得超多5.0%、浸出物含量不得低于0.10%，铜元素含量应为2.60%-4.84%，制定的标准可用于蒙药材绿松石的质量控制。     

优克龙治疗输尿管结石(附60例报告)

目的　观察优克龙 (Urocalun )治疗输尿管结石的疗效和安全性。　方法　对 6 0例输尿管结石直径 <1cm的患者予口服优克龙治疗 ,4 5 0mg/次 ,3次 /d ,服药 5周。　结果　 6 0例患者中结石排出 4 5例 (75 % ) ;10例 (17% )结石位置下降 ;5例 (8% )位置无变化。 4例患者服药后有轻度胃部不适、恶心或口干。　结论　优克龙治疗输尿管结石效果良好。     

The discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of d-amphetamine,phenmetrazine and fenfluramine in humans

The discriminative stimulus (DS) and subjective effects of d-amphetamine (AMP), phenmetrazine (PMT) and fenfluramine (FFL) were studied in a group of normal healthy adults. Subjects (N=27) were trained to discriminate between placebo and 10 mg AMP (PO). Fourteen of the subjects (discriminators) reliably learned the discrimination, whereas the other 13 did not. Nearly all discriminators labelled AMP as a stimulant, and AMP, relative to placebo, increased ratings of drug liking and general activity level, and produced typical stimulant-like subjective effects, as measured by the Profile of Mood States, the Addiction Research Center Inventory, and a series of visual analog scales. The discrimination accuracy of discriminators increased as a function of hour after drug ingestion, as did analog ratings of how certain subjects were that their discrimination responses were correct. Discriminators were tested with doses of PMT (25 and 50 mg) and FFL (20 and 40 mg) to determine whether the DS properties of these drugs would substitute for those of AMP. Both doses of PMT consistently substituted for AMP, and PMT produced subjective effects very similar to those of AMP. Conversely, neither dose of FFL consistently substituted for AMP, and FFL produced essentially no subjective effects. These findings are consistent with results from discrimination studies with other species, and provide further evidence of the validity of this procedure for studying the DS properties of drugs in humans. Offprint requests to: L.D. Chait     

彩色多普勒超声心动图与核磁共振诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤的对比研究

目的　通过彩色多普勒超声心动图 (CDUCG)和核磁共振成像 (MRI)诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤 (AD)的影像学特征 ,比较两种无创检查技术诊断AD的临床价值。方法　对临床疑诊AD的患者行CDUCG心脏各切面探查 ,重点扫查并测量主动脉各节段异常超声征象 (夹层发生部位、内膜片跨度、管径宽度等 ) ,对相同患者行MRI检查时在扫描图像上辨认并确定夹层发生的部位、撕裂范围等。结果　CDUCG诊断Ⅰ型AD 4例 ,Ⅱ型 2例 ,Ⅲ型AD 1例。MRI对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型AD均可明确诊断。本文 3例Ⅲ型AD经MRI确诊并检出附壁血栓 2例 ,1例Ⅰ型AD可疑 ,余结果同CDUCG。结论　两种技术诊断AD各有优缺点 ,CDUCG偏重于诊断Ⅰ、Ⅱ型 ,MRI适合各型AD的诊断。前者更为迅速、直观 ,重复性强 ,可了解心血管病变的全部信息 ;危急重症患者不宜或难以接受MRI检查。     

T cell response of I-Aq mice to self type II collagen: meshing of the binding motif of the I-Aq molecule with repetitive sequences results in autoreactivity to multiple epitopes

Type II collagen (CII) is of immunological interest because of its repetitive structure and properties as an autoantigen. The mouse gene has recently been cloned, thus enabling T cell-defined epitopes to be identified. Multiple novel epitopes on mouse CII are here detected in the autoreactive T cell response. The major response is directed to an epitope with residues 707-721 located on the CB10 fragment. Some 25 other epitopes are also recognized, including the autologous homologue of the 256-270 epitope which dominates in the response to foreign collagen. The cells reactive with mouse collagen peptides were of Th1 type, as judged by release of IFN-gamma. No significant reactivity was detected to mouse CII peptides during ongoing disease. Alignment of the mouse epitopes revealed a sequence motif with characteristic side chains at residues P1, P4 and P7, and to a lesser extent at P5, within a nonamer core sequence. Binding of these epitopes was simulated in a computer model of the I-Aq molecule, where peptides with anchor residues at P1, P4 and P7 were indeed found to fit the binding groove best. The spacing of pockets and the fine structure of the binding surface of the I-Aq molecule meshes with the repetitive structure of the collagen (X-Y-Gly), thus providing a likely explanation for the occurrence of multiple epitopes. Comparison with human DR binding motifs showed that the I-Aq motif resembles most closely that of the DR4 subtypes which predispose for rheumatoid arthritis.      

Temperature changes during the first day of life in the North Staffordshire Maternity Hospital.

A prospective study of post-delivery temperature changes from birth to 24 h, carried out in a busy District General Hospital is reported. The temperature fall after delivery was less than expected and reflected a high level of awareness of the dangers of hypothermia. On the basis of the findings of the survey, hypothermia in the first 24 h can be defined as a rectal temperature of less than 36.4 degrees C. Those babies who did become hypothermic were significantly more likely to be of low birth weight or preterm gestation.     

A randomized prospective study comparing delivery with metal and silicone rubber vacuum extractor cups.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative benefits and complications of assisted vaginal delivery with metal and silicone rubber vacuum extractor cups. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study. SETTING: A busy referral maternity hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. SUBJECTS: 101 women were assigned to delivery with the Silc-cup and 98 to delivery with the metal cup. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success rate at achieving delivery with the assigned instrument and incidence of neonatal trauma. Analysis was by 'intention to deliver' with women remaining in their original group regardless of the eventual mode of delivery. RESULTS: Randomization resulted in two groups of women similar in respect of age, parity, gestation and indication for delivery. The overall success rate was similar for the two instruments (Silc-cup 85% and metal cup 87%). The Silc-cup was more likely to fail if there was excessive caput (seven failures compared with one in the metal cup group). The frequency of clinically significant maternal trauma was low in both groups. There were fewer babies with clinically significant scalp trauma in the Silc-cup group (22%), compared with the metal cup group (37%). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate a greater tendency for the Silc-cup to fail when excessive caput is present but that metal cups are associated with increased scalp injuries.