Leiomyosarcoma of the breast: a pathologic and comparative genomic hybridization study of two cases

Leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare form of primary breast sarcoma. We present the pathologic and genetic findings of two cases of leiomyosarcoma of the breast. The patients were 44 and 52 years of age and they presented with circumscribed masses of 3.0 and 4.5 cm, (greatest dimension) respectively. Microscopically, the two tumors showed diffuse proliferation of spindle cells with oval and blunt-ended nuclei arranged in short fascicles or bundles. There was moderate cytologic atypia in both cases, and 6 and 12 mitotic figures per 10 high power fields, respectively. No epithelial component was identified. The tumor cells were strongly immunoreactive for markers of smooth-muscle differentiation, including desmin, muscle-specific actin, and smooth-muscle actin. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis showed losses of 10q (two of two cases), 13q (two of two cases), 17p (one of two cases), and gains of 1q (one of two cases) and 17p (one of two cases). The patterns of chromosomal imbalances identified in leiomyosarcoma of the breast are similar to those reported in leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue and uterus and are different from those reported for leiomyoma, indicating that these alterations may be important for development of malignant smooth-muscle tumors regardless of site or organ of origin.     

Hepatocellular carcinomas show abnormal expression of fibronectin protein.

Fibronectin plays an important role in cell-to-cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell signaling. In the liver, fibronectin expression has been studied primarily as a component of the extracellular matrix, but little information is available on the expression of fibronectin protein in the neoplastic cells of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Twenty-four surgically resected HCCs were immunostained with fibronectin. Tumor and normal liver tissues were concurrently analyzed in all cases, and expression in the tumor was evaluated in comparison to the nonneoplastic liver. The average age at resection was 54 +/- 18 years for the 18 men and 6 women. Twenty-one of the cases were classic HCCs including 6 cases that were well differentiated, 12 cases moderately differentiated, and 3 cases poorly differentiated. The remaining 3 cases were moderately differentiated fibrolamellar carcinomas. In the normal liver, fibronectin labeled the sinusoids and weakly to moderately stained the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In HCCs, 15/24 showed overexpression of fibronectin in the cytoplasm, 8/24 showed no change from the nonneoplastic liver, and one case showed decreased cytoplasmic staining. In addition, an abnormal membranous staining pattern was noted in 16/24 HCCs. In contrast to the HCCs, none of the three fibrolamellar carcinomas showed increased cytoplasmic or membranous staining. Excluding fibrolamellar carcinoma, increased cytoplasmic staining and/or an abnormal membranous staining was noted in 19/21 (90%) of HCCs. Fibronectin shows abnormal cytoplasmic and/or membranous staining in the majority of HCCs. The implications of fibronectin overexpression are uncertain but may reflect a critical step in tumor genesis.     

Intradialytic systolic blood pressure variation can predict long-term mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

International Urology and Nephrology - It is unclear which time-points of intradialytic blood pressure (BP) best predict prognosis. Thus, it is important to assess the association between different...     

老年人非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗的疗效分析

目的探讨三维适形放射治疗（3DCRT）对老年人非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法58例非小细胞肺癌患者采用三维适形放射治疗,照射剂量DT2．0Gy／次,5次／周,DT总量64Gy-70Gy;放疗后1—3个月行胸部CT检查评价疗效。结果58例患者中,完全缓解（CR）17例,部分缓解（PR）33例,稳定（SD）6例,进展（PD）2例,总有效率86．2％（50／58）;毒副作用以放射性食管炎及放射性肺炎为主,但均可耐受。结论三维适形放射治疗对老年人非小细胞肺癌患者的近期疗效较好,且不良反应较轻,可耐受。     

O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶在脑胶质瘤的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)在脑胶质瘤细胞中的表达及其与患者生存时间的关系,以判断患者的预后,并指导胶质瘤术后化学治疗药物的合理选择.方法 选取手术切除的59例脑胶质瘤标本,经10%甲醛固定,常规脱水,石蜡包埋;每例标本以5μm厚度连续切片,作HE染色确定病理组织类型;对患者的生存期进行调查;用免疫组化EnVision法检测脑胶质瘤细胞中MGMT的表达情况;免疫反应染色结果按照Krajewska法进行半定量分析;所有统计分析用SPSS17.0统计软件进行,采用卡方检验以及将MGMT表达与患者生存期绘制成Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,并进行log-rank检验和分析.结果 MGMT在脑胶质瘤的表达存在异质性;MGMT在不同病理级别的脑胶质瘤细胞中表达阳性率不同,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MGMT表达阳性患者生存时间低于表达阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 MGMT在脑胶质瘤的表达与肿瘤病理级别无关,MGMT的表达可作为判断预后的指标.     

转化生长因子-β受体Ⅱ在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变增生膜中的表达

目的:观察及评估转化生长因子-β受体Ⅱ(TGF-βRⅡ)在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)增生膜中的表达及临床意义。 方法:采用免疫组化和原位杂交方法,对13例PVR患者行玻璃体手术增生膜获得的16例进行TGF-βRⅡ的蛋白和mRNA的检测。 结果:免疫组化结果为:9例C2～C3级膜中,染色反应为阳性的有8例,总阳性率为88.9％。7例D1～D3级膜中有6例为阳性,总阳性率为85.7％。阳性细胞多是一类胞体为长圆形,胞核呈圆形或卵圆形的上皮样细胞。统计学分析TGF-βRⅡ标记与膜分级间无相关性(P>0.05)。原位杂交结果与免疫组化基本一致。 结论:PVR发生过程中视网膜色素上皮细胞在生长因子等的刺激下,TGF-βRⅡ表达显著上调,表明了TGF-β参与PVR增生膜的形成。眼科学报 2003;19:244-247。     

Synthesis and evaluation of a 18F‐labeled 4‐phenylpiperidine‐4‐carbonitrile radioligand for σ1 receptor imaging

We report the design and synthesis of several 4‐phenylpiperidine‐4‐carbonitrile derivatives as σ₁ receptor ligands. In vitro radioligand competition binding assays showed that all the ligands exhibited low nanomolar affinity for σ₁ receptors (K_i(σ₁) = 1.22–2.14 nM) and extremely high subtype selectivity (K_i(σ₂) = 830–1710 nM; K_i(σ₂)/K_i(σ₁) = 680–887). [¹⁸F]9 was prepared in 42–46% isolated radiochemical yield, with a radiochemical purity of >99% by HPLC analysis after purification, via nucleophilic ¹⁸F^‐ substitution of the corresponding tosylate precursor. Biodistribution studies in mice demonstrated high initial brain uptakes and high brain‐to‐blood ratios. Administration of SA4503 or haloperidol 5 min prior to injection of [¹⁸F]9 significantly reduced the accumulation of radiotracers in organs known to contain σ₁ receptors. Two radioactive metabolites were observed in the brain at 30 min after radiotracer injection. [¹⁸F]9 may serve as a lead compound to develop suitable radiotracers for σ₁ receptor imaging with positron emission tomography.     

傣药咪多领(云南琵琶甲)对增生性瘢痕中表皮干细胞干性及Hedgehog信号通路的影响

目的 探讨傣药咪多领(云南琵琶甲)对增生性瘢痕中表皮干细胞干性及Hedge-hog信号通路的影响.方法 构建新西兰大耳兔增生性瘢痕模型,并分离增生性瘢痕组织中表皮干细胞.将动物随机分为对照组、模型组、阳性对照组(PC组,用复方肝素钠尿囊素凝胶干预)及傣药咪多领0.667、1.334、2.668 g/kg组;表皮干细胞分...     

孕酮对缺血/再灌注脑损伤大鼠脑磁共振波谱和ATP-P2X7R信号通路的影响

目的 探讨孕酮（progesterone,PROG）对缺血/再灌注（ischemia-reperfusion,I/R）脑损伤大鼠的神经保护作用及其可能机制。方法 138只大鼠随机等分为假手术（Sham）组、大脑中动脉栓塞（middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO）组和PROG+MCAO组,分别采用Longa法和Morris水迷宫试验评估大鼠运动功能和认知功能;脑组织TTC染色法、磁共振波谱（magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS）法和Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法评估神经细胞损伤情况;ELISA法检测脑脊液ATP、IL-6、TNF-α和COX-2含量;Western blotting法检测脑组织P2X₇R和NF-κB蛋白表达的变化。结果 与MCAO组相比,PROG+MCAO组大鼠Longa评分（第5~7天）和Morris水迷宫试验潜伏期（第4~7天）下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而目标交叉次数增高（P<0.05）;PROG+MCAO组大鼠NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值较MCAO组升高,脑梗死体积和细胞凋亡率较MCAO组明显降低（P<0.05）;MCAO组脑脊液ATP、COX-2、TNF-α和IL-6的含量明显高于Sham组,PROG+MCAO组上述指标含量明显低于MCAO组（P<0.05）;MCAO组脑组织P2X₇R和NF-κB蛋白的表达水平高于Sham组,而其在PROG+MCAO组表达水平又明显低于MCAO组（P<0.05）。结论 PROG通过降低神经细胞凋亡率、减轻神经元损伤及髓鞘降解而改善I/R脑损伤大鼠运动和认知功能,这一保护作用与其抑制ATP-P2X₇R信号通路密切相关。