磷脂酶C与生殖

磷脂酶C(PLC)是磷脂酰肌醇信号转导途径中一个关键酶。目前确认的哺乳类PLC共有PLC β、PLC γ、PLC δ、PLC ε和最近新发现的PLC ζ 5种亚型 ,12种同工酶。不同亚型的结构、调控和组织分布各有差异。PLC在调控信号转导通路中的特性使其在顶体反应、卵子激活中发挥了巨大的作用。本文综述了PLC家族 5种亚型的结构、调控机制及PLC在男性生殖领域的相关内容 ,包括PLC引起卵子发生Ca2 + 振荡、激活卵子、促进胚胎发育等 ,并进一步探讨了PLC在临床上可能的应用前景。     

劳动姿势对流量－容积曲线的影响─—波速学说的进一步验证

用“点值法”对健康工人４７３例［轻体力劳动工人（简称轻工）２４８例，重体力劳动工人（简称重工）２２５例］。作了流量一容积曲线和常规通气功能检查。结果表明：重工男女在４０岁以后其高肺容积流量下降，３０岁以后低肺容积流量上升，而且这些改变有随年龄增长而更加明显的倾向；轻工仅有个别年龄组的低肺容积流量上升。对７名健康坐位工作者模拟劳动的前倾姿势作多次通气功能检查，亦有明显高肺容积流量下降和低肺容积流量上升的现象，这一事实提示波速学说亦可应用于颈和躯干前倾进行重体力劳动工人的通气行为。     

基于支持向量机的脊柱离体组织电阻抗识别

目的 测量不同脊柱组织的电阻抗,基于支持向量机建立电阻抗数据的组织分类算法并验证算法的准确性,寻找不同组织电阻抗分类阈值。 方法 取离体脊柱组织,应用电化学分析仪采集10~100 kHz频率范围内皮质骨、松质骨、脊髓、肌肉、髓核的电阻抗。将两只猪采集的数据集分别作为训练集和测试集,应用主成分分析降维至二维数据,训练和验证基于支持向量机(SVM)建立的分类算法,应用集成学习的方法计算不同组织分类的电阻抗阈值。 结果 5种组织在10~100 kHz的测量频率内,电阻抗值差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。应用主成分分析降维的数据集建立的支持向量机分类算法识别不同组织的准确率为100%。应用集成学习建立的多个分类器计算出了不同组织的电阻抗分类阈值。 结论 基于支持向量机可以实现脊柱术区组织电阻抗的准确识别,有望应用于临床协助医生提升组织识别准确率。     

小白鼠腘淋巴结淋巴窦的超微结构

我们观察了幼年小白鼠腘淋巴结淋巴窦的超微结构,窦壁由腔面向外一般出3层构成:(1)一层连续的内皮;(2)由一薄层细胞间质构成的基膜;(3)一层外膜网状细胞及其扁平的突起。内皮细胞核扁圆,异染色质细小,核仁不明显,胞质极薄,含粗面内质网极少,而有大量的吞饮小泡。细胞邻接处相互重叠或嵌合,有20nm宽的间隙相隔。有的地方可见不发达的细胞连接。当巨噬细胞或淋巴细胞穿越内皮时,可出现临时性间隙,内皮边缘与穿越细胞相贴。基膜由电子透明的无定形基质及细的胶原原纤维构成。外膜网状细胞的核异染色质较多,核仁明显,胞质丰富,含许多粗面内质网而很少吞饮小泡。外膜网状细胞之间常见0.5μm宽的间隙。在窦腔内有巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞及星状的网状细胞等。由于小白鼠腘淋巴结的淋巴窦小,故窦内星形的网状细胞很少,其超微结构特点,与外膜网状细胞及淋巴组织内的网状细胞相似,在突起的切面上,常见包有小束的胶原原纤维。巨噬细胞较多,形态不规则,常贴附于内皮细胞表面,核椭圆,常有凹陷,胞质丰富,含许多溶酶体。在取材前1h,于足垫注射中国墨汁的小鼠,巨噬细胞吞噬了大量粗的墨汁颗粒。本文认为,淋巴窦壁可能具有一定的屏障作用。     

Identification of testis development and spermatogenesis-related genes in human and mouse testes using cDNA arrays

We have constructed cDNA microarrays from the human testis large insert cDNA library, containing 9216 genes, together with several housekeeping genes. The cDNA microarrays were used to identify gene expression differences between human fetal and adult testes. Of >8700 hybridized clones, 731 exhibited significant differential expression characteristics. About 7500 genes were identified when the same cDNA microarrays were used for hybridization with cDNA probes from mouse testis, with 256 genes having significant differential expression between the age of 1-4 weeks. Among these genes, 101 were identified as critically related to testis development and possibly to spermatogenesis since they were found in both human and mouse testes, and expressed differentially at different stages of testis development. Of the 101 development-related genes, 59 full-length cDNAs have been sequenced previously, while the full-length cDNAs of the other 42 genes have not been published. We have obtained 11 full-length sequences of the 42 genes and deposited them in the GenBank. The conserved testis development-related genes found in both human and mouse testes may include genes that are likely to be involved in testicular functions, especially spermatogenesis, thus providing a basis for further functional characterization of the genes in mouse models.     

842例工人、农民和战士最大呼气流量-容积曲线的测定

作者用“点值法”对成都市内和郊区842例从事轻、中、重劳动的健康工人、农民和战士作了MEFV曲线和常规肺功能测定,发现工人和农民在低肺容积时流量增加,在高、中肺容积时流量下降,并以农民最明显,重劳动工人次之,轻、中劳动工人较不明显,战士则相反。揭示不同的体力活动方式及生活条件可导致不同肺容积时的流量改变,以适应其代谢增强时的耗氧需求。     

Comparison of a fractional 2940-nm Er:YAG laser and 5% amorolfine lacquer combination therapy versus a 5% amorolfine lacquer monotherapy for the treatment of onychomycosis: a randomized controlled trial

Lasers in Medical Science - Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of 2940-nm Er:YAG laser treatment...     

小檗碱通过抑制凋亡和炎症减轻大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎病变的效果

目的：探究小檗碱对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)的改善作用及其作用机制。方法：将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、小檗碱低剂量组、小檗碱中剂量组、小檗碱高剂量组和DUSP19组,每组9只。除对照组外均构建CAG模型,小檗碱低、中、高剂量分别灌胃给与25、50、100 mg/kg的小檗碱,DUSP19组灌胃给与100 mg/kg的小檗碱和尾静脉注射JAK激酶2/信号转导及转录激活因子3（JAK2/STAT3）通路激活剂DUSP19 100 μmol/L。苏木精-伊红（HE）染色法检测病理学变化;蛋白质印迹法检测JAK2/STAT3信号通路及凋亡相关蛋白表达;酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清相关因子表达水平;原位末端转移酶标记技术（TUNEL）检测胃黏膜细胞凋亡。结果：与模型组比较,小檗碱观察组磷酸化JAK2（p-JAK2）、磷酸化JAK3（p-JAK3）、胃动素（MTL）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）、内皮素（ET）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白（Bax）、裂解胱天蛋白酶3（Cl-caspase-3）、裂解胱天蛋白酶9（Cl-caspase-9）水平及细胞凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05),胃泌素（GAS）、分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）水平显著升高(P<0.05);JAK2/STAT3通路激活剂DUSP19可显著扭转小檗碱对上述指标的影响(P<0.05),且HE结果显示小檗碱可显著改善CAG大鼠胃组织病理病变。结论：小檗碱可通过JAK2/STAT3信号通路抑制细胞凋亡和炎症反应减轻大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎。     

骨质疏松中的自噬相关信号通路

骨质疏松症（osteoporosis，OP）是以全身性骨量的丢失、骨微观结构的退行性改变为特征的骨骼疾病，根本原因在于成骨细胞和破骨细胞的动态平衡失调。自噬（Autophagy）能够通过影响成骨和破骨细胞分化的过程改变两者的平衡关系，这就提示我们可以从调控自噬的角度对骨质疏松的病情发展进行干预。本文就自噬的信号通路在骨质疏松症方面的研究进展进行综述，希望为进一步探究自噬信号通路的内在调控机制，选择适当的干预靶点，选择性发挥自噬对成骨、破骨细胞的调节作用，为临床上治疗骨质疏松症提供新的思路。     

Tumor necrosis factor-α small interfering RNA alveolar epithelial cell-targeting nanoparticles reduce lung injury in C57BL/6J mice with sepsis

BackgroundThe role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α small interfering (si)RNA alveolar epithelial cell (AEC)-targeting nanoparticles in lung injury is unclear.MethodsSixty C57BL/6J mice with sepsis were divided into normal, control, sham, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg siRNA AEC-targeting nanoparticles groups (n = 10 per group). The wet:dry lung weight ratio, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for inflammatory factors were conducted to compare differences among groups.ResultsThe wet:dry ratio was significantly lower in control and sham groups than other groups. TNF-α siRNA AEC-targeting nanoparticles significantly reduced the number of eosinophils, with significantly lower numbers in the 50 mg/kg group than in 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg groups. The nanoparticles also significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, B-cell lymphoma-2, caspase 3, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, with TNF-α expression being significantly lower in the 50 mg/kg group than in 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg groups.ConclusionTNF-α siRNA AEC-targeting nanoparticles appear to be effective at improving lung injury-related sepsis, and 50 mg/kg may be a preferred dose option for administration.