环孢菌素A阻断人HL－60抗药性细胞于G_1期而诱导敏感细胞凋亡

进一步研究了抗三尖杉酯碱的ＨＬ－６０细胞（ＨＲ２０）抗细胞凋亡的机制及该抗性和抗药性的关系。结果表明，环孢菌素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）２０，１０μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞发生凋亡，而阻断ＨＲ２０细胞于Ｇ＿１期，就不能诱导细胞发生凋亡。低浓度的ＣｓＡ明显增加柔红霉素在ＨＲ２０细胞内的积聚，其逆转抗药性作用与阻断细胞周期运行无关。ＣｓＡ１０μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）处理ＨＲ２０细胞，可引起５０ｋＤａ的蛋白质高度磷酸化。结果提示：环孢菌素Ａ阻断抗三尖杉酯碱的ＨＬ－６０细胞于Ｇ＿１期，而诱导敏感的ＨＬ－６０细胞发生凋亡，其阻断作用与抗药性无关     

Microsurgical anatomy of VII and VIII cranial nerves and related arteries in the cerebellopontine angle

Summary The relationships of VII and VIII cranial nerves and related arteries are reviewed in 26 preparations by microdissection techniques. These vessels may be grouped in large (AICA, PICA), medium (LA, SA, CSA, RPI) and small calibre (vasa nervorum, radicullar and medullar branches). The importance of these structures in acoustic neuroma surgery, vestibular neurectomy and cross-compression syndromes is discussed. Vascular loops and elongated arteries are normal structures present at birth.This work was supported by a grant from the AJ Roemmers Foundation     

Differential pattern of DNA-aneuploidy in human malignancies

The differential pattern of DNA-aneuploidy, detected by flow cytometry (FCM) regarding its frequency, grade and multiclonality, was investigated and correlated to tumor type, malignancy grade, tumor stage and prognosis in a multi-institutional study at the University of Münster. High resolution measurements using admixed normal blood reference cells were undertaken in 2413 cases of 13 different malignant diseases and in 776 benign lesions or samples. The incidence of DNA-aneuploidy was highest in melanomas, carcinomas, testicular tumors, sarcomas (75%-95%) and myelomas (65%). Acute leukemias showed an intermediate DNA-aneuploidy rate of 40% with special subgroups represented by common ALL (44%), p less than 0.05) and myelomonocytic/monocytic AML (47%, p less than 0.01). The lowest DNA-aneuploidy-rate was found in basal cell skin carcinomas (19%) and congenital melanocytic nevi (9%). No case of DNA-aneuploidy was observed in the 776 benign lesions or samples.--DNA-indices giving the grade of DNA-aneuploidy with 1.0 for normal diploid G1/0 cells were found distributed predominantly between 1.0 and 2.0 in the solid tumors, except testicular tumors, clustering around a triploid maximum at 1.5. DNA-indices of myelomas and acute leukemias generally ranged below 1.25 with lower DNA-aneuploidy grades in AML than in ALL (p less than 0.01).--In melanomas the aneuploidy rate was higher (86%) in metastases than in the primary tumors (54%, p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

基于AMPK/Sirt1信号通路探讨身痛逐瘀汤含药血清对膝骨性关节炎大鼠软骨细胞的保护作用

目的 研究身痛逐瘀汤含药血清对膝骨关节炎（KOA）大鼠软骨细胞氧化应激及凋亡的保护作用。方法 50只雄性大鼠分别灌胃给予生理盐水、身痛逐瘀汤低、中、高剂量（1.73、3.46、6.92 g·kg^-1）和硫酸氨基葡萄糖（0.3 g·kg^-1）,连续给药2周后收集血清。构建KOA模型,分离软骨细胞,随机分为正常组、模型组、身痛逐瘀汤含药血清低、中、高剂量组及硫酸氨基葡萄糖组。软骨细胞培养过程中添加磷酸腺苷（AMP）依赖的蛋白激酶（AMPK）抑制剂Compound C（10 μmol·L^-1）,分为正常组、模型组、身痛逐瘀汤含药血清组、Compound C+身痛逐瘀汤含药血清组。5-乙炔基-2''-脱氧尿苷（EdU）染色检测细胞增殖;原位末端标记法（TUNEL）测定凋亡;DCFH-DA探针检测活性氧（ROS）水平;比色法测定谷胱甘肽（GSH）和丙二醛（MDA）含量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）检测基质金属蛋白酶-3（MMP-3）、MMP-13、胶原酶Ⅱ型（Col Ⅱ）和聚集蛋白聚糖（Aggrecan）mRNA表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹法（Weatern blot）检测磷酸化（p）-AMPK及沉默信息调节因子1（Sirt1）蛋白表达。结果 与正常组比较,模型组软骨细胞增殖率、GSH活性、Col Ⅱ与Aggrecan mRNA表达、p-AMPK和Sirt1蛋白水平显著降低（P<0.01）,而ROS水平、MDA含量、TUNEL阳性细胞率、MMP-3与MMP-13 mRNA表达显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,身痛逐瘀汤含药血清能提高KOA大鼠软骨细胞中EdU阳性细胞数、GSH活性、Col Ⅱ和Aggrecan mRNA表达水平、p-AMPK和Sirt1蛋白水平（P<0.05,P<0.01）,而TUNEL阳性细胞率、ROS水平、MDA含量、MMP-3和MMP-13 mRNA表达水平则明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）。与身痛逐瘀汤含药血清组比较,Compound C+身痛逐瘀汤含药血清组细胞p-AMPK和Sirt1蛋白表达、GSH活性、Col Ⅱ和Aggrecan mRNA水平明显降低（P<0.01）,TUNEL阳性细胞率、ROS水平、MDA含量、MMP-3和MMP-13 mRNA水平显著升高（P<0.01）。结论 身痛逐瘀汤含药血清能减弱KOA大鼠软骨细胞氧化损伤,降低细胞凋亡,其保护作用可能与激活AMPK/Sirt1信号通路有关。     

Osteosarcomatosis

A review of the 690 cases of osteosarcoma in the radiographic file of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology revealed 29 cases of "osteosarcomatosis" (multiple skeletal sites of osteosarcoma). Fifteen of these patients were 18 years old and under and manifested rapidly appearing, usually symmetric, sclerotic metaphyseal lesions. The remaining 14 patients were more than 18 years old and had fewer, asymmetric sclerotic lesions. In most patients (28 of 29), a radiographically dominant skeletal tumor was seen. Pulmonary metastases occurred in the majority of patients and were detected at the same time as the bone lesions. These 29 patients were studied with regard to demographic data and skeletal distribution and radiographic appearance of their lesions. As a result of the findings, a metastatic origin from a primary dominant osteosarcoma is favored over a multifocal origin as the basis for osteosarcomatosis. Osteosarcomatosis is more commonly encountered in the mature skeleton than has been previously recognized.     

化瘀排石汤对体外碎石后肾结石患者β2-微球蛋白含量的影响

目的：研究化痰排石汤治疗肾结石的临床效果及是否具有减轻和修复肾脏损伤的作用。方法：将60例患者随机分为治疗组(中药内服和体外碎石)和对照组(单纯体外碎石)各30例，观察两组临床疗效和碎石前24h，碎石后24h、72h、120h的血、尿β2—微球蛋白(β2—MG)含量的变化。结果：治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组；治疗组碎石前后β2—MG的含量差异无显著性。结论：化痰排石汤治疗肾结石疗效确切，具有减轻和修复肾脏损伤的作用。     

Influence of inhaled corticosteroids on growth: a pediatric endocrinologist''s perspective

Given the increasing advocacy for the use of inhaled corticosteroids as a treatment of choice for persistent asthma, growing numbers of children are being exposed to the possible growth-suppressing effects of glucocorticoids. Recent evidence strongly suggests that, when consistently administered at moderate doses, inhaled corticosteroids (IC) are capable of slowing growth in children. Whether such growth suppression would persist and ultimately affect final adult height remains unknown. Therapeutic goals which aim for uninterrupted inflammatory disease control rather than periodic symptom control may increase the occurrence of growth failure in children treated with IC. In this article, current information about the mechanisms of growth suppression by glucocorticoids and the effects of IC on growth is reviewed, and recommendations for designing studies to investigate the effects of drugs on growth are presented.     

Effects of dietary fat and a vegetable-fruit mixture on the development of intestinal neoplasia in the ApcMin mouse

The variation in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence worldwide strongly suggests a role for dietary influences. Based on epidemiological data, protective effects of vegetables and fruit intake on CRC are widely claimed, while other data indicate a possible increased CRC risk from (higher) dietary fat intake. Therefore, we have investigated single and interactive effects of dietary fat and a vegetable-fruit mixture (VFM) in the ApcMin mouse, a mouse model for multiple intestinal neoplasia. In this study, four different diets (A-D) were compared, which were either low in fat (20% energy diets A/B) or high in fat (40% energy diets C/D). In addition, 19.5% (wt/wt) of the carbohydrates in diets B and D were replaced by a freeze-dried VFM. The diets were balanced so that they only differed among each other in fat/carbohydrate content and the presence of specific plant-constituents. Because the initiation of intestinal tumors in ApcMin mice occurs relatively early in life, exposure to the diets was started in utero. Without the addition of VFM, mice maintained at a high-fat diet did not develop significantly higher numbers of small or large intestinal adenomas than mice maintained at a low-fat diet. VFM added to a low-fat diet significantly lowered multiplicity of small intestinal polyps (from 16.2 to 10.2/mouse, 15 animals/group), but not of colon tumors in male ApcMin mice only. Strikingly, addition of VFM to female mice maintained on a low-fat diet and to both sexes maintained on a high-fat diet significantly enhanced intestinal polyp multiplicity (from 16.5 to 26.7 polyps/mouse). In conclusion, our results indicate that neither a lower fat intake nor consumption of VFM included in a high-fat diet decreases the development of polyps in mice genetically predisposed to intestinal tumor development.