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1.
BACKGROUND: One of the major mechanical functions of collagenous tissues is the storage, transmission and dissipation of elastic energy during mechanical deformation. In skin, mechanical energy is stored during loading and then is transmitted and dissipated, which protects skin from mechanical failure. Thus energy storage (elastic properties) and dissipation (viscous properties) are important characteristics of extracellular matrices. METHODS: A uniaxial incremental stress relaxation test method has been used to characterize the time-dependent (viscous) and time-independent (elastic) properties of human dermis. Viscoelasticity was investigated in processed human dermis that was equilibrated at pHs of 3.0, 7.4 and 11.0 in an effort to study the link between electrostatic interactions within the collagen matrix and macroscopic tissue properties. RESULTS: Our results show that the solution pH and the charge on collagen significantly affected the high-strain elastic behavior of dermis; the elastic behavior of skin has previously been shown to be directly correlated with axial stretching of the collagen triple helix in crosslinked collagen fibrils. A positive linear correlation existed between the high-strain elastic modulus and both pH (R(2)=0.96) and the total number of charged residues on collagen (R(2)=0.93). These results provide in vitro/ex vivo evidence that charged groups on the surface of collagen molecules in processed human skin influence the high-strain elastic properties of dermis and are likely to be involved in elastic energy storage. CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the pH and charged residue dependency of the elastic modulus suggests that charged pair interactions and repulsions within and between collagen molecules are involved in elastic energy storage during stretching at high strains. It is hypothesized that elastic energy storage is associated with the stretching of pairs of charged amino acid residues that are found primarily in the flexible regions of collagen molecules. 相似文献
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A host of newer techniques have been introduced over the past decade in blood bank serological testing. One such technology which has been in vogue in the west since early 1990s is the gel test. The procedures used are standardized and they provide clear and stable reactions that improve result interpretation. The principle involves the differential passage of red cell agglutinates and free red blood cells through a dextran acrylamide gel. The results are stable and may be read even after many hours. The test is easy to perform, sensitive and reproducible. We report our experience in compatibility testing with use of the DiaMed micro typing system which is based on the gel technology. Over a one year period since this technology was introduced in our blood bank, we noticed a startling 65 fold rise (p<0.0001) in the reported number of incompatible units in one year which rose from a paltry 4 (0.02%) to 260 (1.6%). We found the DiaMed system easy to use and as our findings suggest it proved to be more sensitive than the conventional tube agglutination technique. 相似文献
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Jasbir S. Johal James W. Thorp Calvin E. Oyer 《Pediatric and developmental pathology》1998,1(5):433-437
We report a neonate with neonatal hemochromatosis (NH), renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), and hypocalvaria. NH is a fatal condition
of the newborn, characterized by severe idiopathic liver failure of intrauterine onset and siderosis, intra- and extrahepatic,
with sparing of the reticuloendothelial system. RTD is characterized by short, abnormally developed cortical tubules that
lack proximal tubule differentiation. Although both NH and RTD have been reported as entities with a genetic component, similar
findings can be secondary to in utero insults. Hypocalvaria has been reported in association with fetal hypoxia including
that secondary to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. This 38-week-old infant died at 8.5 h. The small nodular liver
weighed 44 g. Grossly, the kidneys were normal. Hypocalvaria was present. Microscopically, the hepatic parenchyma was distorted
by fibrous tracts, proliferation of bile ducts, and abundant iron deposition in hepatocytes. Extrahepatic siderosis in the
pancreas, myocardium, and other organs was consistent with NH. Proximal convoluted tubules were not seen on routine stains
and markers for proximal tubules were negative. Previous reports have linked NH with RTD and RTD with hypocalvaria. This infant
had all three of these rare conditions, which have been hypothesized or shown to be due to genetic factors, hypoxia, or drugs.
The etiology in this case is unknown.
Received May 20, 1997; accepted August 15, 1997. 相似文献
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Jadbinder Seehra 《Journal of orthodontics》2016,43(3):241-242
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Ritika Sharma Manu Jamwal Hari Kishan Senee Varun Uppal Jasbir Kaur Hira Parveen Bose Narender Kumar Deepak Bansal Amita Trehan Pankaj Malhotra Jasmina Ahluwalia Reena Das 《Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion》2021,37(3):414
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is an autosomal recessive platelet function disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding as the most common clinical phenotype. Patients with GT have normal platelet counts, platelet morphology but reduced platelet aggregation in response to various agonists. Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for variants in the ITGA2B/ITGB3 genes is the genetic basis for GT. Establishing a molecular diagnosis is definitive and is important for predictive testing. Using multi-gene panels is an accurate, faster, and cost-effective mode as compared to Sanger sequencing in large genes. We used a targeted resequencing based approach to identify pathogenic variants in eight cases in seven families. These variants were validated using Sanger sequencing in patients as well as family members and were predicted probably pathogenic using in-silico prediction tools. The variants include three missense (3/7 = 43%) (ITGA2B:c.1028 T > C, ITGA2B:c.1186G > A, ITGB3:c.1388G > C), two deletions (ITGA2B:c.559delG, ITGA2B:c.3092delT), one duplication (ITGA2B:c.1424_1427dupAGGT) and nonsense variant (ITGA2B:c.2578C > T, p.Gln860Ter). Except for one case which was compound heterozygous, the rest of the cases were homozygous. We found two novel variants that are reported for the first time in GT. The targeted resequencing based approach revealed varied genetic variants in North Indian patients, including two novels ones. The high yield of our panel indicates its suitability for usage in larger cohorts for the genetic diagnosis of GT patients. This approach is cost-effective and less cumbersome as compared to Sanger sequencing for these large size genes with multiple exons. The information so obtained is helpful in prenatal testing, carrier analysis, and genetic counseling. 相似文献
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Jasbir Makker Hassan Tariq Kishore Kumar Madhavi Ravi Danial Haris Shaikh Vivien Leung Umar Hayat Muhammad T Hassan Harish Patel Suresh Nayudu Sridhar Chilimuri 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2021,27(6):523-533
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have an intricate bidirectional relationship.Individuals with T2DM,not only have a higher prevalence of non-alcoholic steatosis,but also carry a higher risk of progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Experts still differ in their recommendations of screening for NAFLD among patients with T2DM.AIM To study the prevalence of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis among our patient population with T2DM.METHODS During the study period(November 2018 to January 2020),59 adult patients with T2DM and 26 non-diabetic control group individuals were recruited prospectively.Patients with known significant liver disease and alcohol use were excluded.Demographic data and lab parameters were recorded.Liver elastography was performed in all patients.RESULTS In the study group comprised of patients with T2DM and normal alanine aminotransferase levels(mean 17.8±7 U/L),81%had hepatic steatosis as diagnosed by elastography.Advanced hepatic fibrosis(stage F3 or F4)was present in 12%of patients with T2DM as compared to none in the control group.Patients with T2DM also had higher number of individuals with grade 3 steatosis[45.8%vs 11.5%,(P<0.00001)and metabolic syndrome(84.7%vs 11.5%,P<0.00001)].CONCLUSION A significant number of patients with T2DM,despite having normal transaminase levels,have NAFLD,grade 3 steatosis and advanced hepatic fibrosis as measured by liver elastography. 相似文献