全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1988篇 |
免费 | 132篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 13篇 |
儿科学 | 63篇 |
妇产科学 | 43篇 |
基础医学 | 269篇 |
口腔科学 | 32篇 |
临床医学 | 179篇 |
内科学 | 445篇 |
皮肤病学 | 48篇 |
神经病学 | 245篇 |
特种医学 | 63篇 |
外科学 | 251篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 117篇 |
眼科学 | 29篇 |
药学 | 149篇 |
中国医学 | 10篇 |
肿瘤学 | 164篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 78篇 |
2020年 | 36篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 58篇 |
2017年 | 59篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 71篇 |
2014年 | 76篇 |
2013年 | 104篇 |
2012年 | 159篇 |
2011年 | 167篇 |
2010年 | 79篇 |
2009年 | 87篇 |
2008年 | 138篇 |
2007年 | 126篇 |
2006年 | 102篇 |
2005年 | 102篇 |
2004年 | 90篇 |
2003年 | 85篇 |
2002年 | 94篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 25篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2124条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Ines Florath Alexander Albert Wael Hassanein Bert Arnrich Ulrich Rosendahl Ina C Ennker Jürgen Ennker 《European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery》2006,30(5):716-721
OBJECTIVE: Haematological and biochemical measurements are performed routinely before surgery to exclude organ malfunction and blood cell and coagulation abnormalities. We aimed to test routinely obtained laboratory data as factors predicting operative risk. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2003, 2198 patients underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) (908 of them with concomitant CABG) in our institute. The mean age of the study population was 69+/-11 years (range 13-91, 43% female). Clinical and laboratory parameters based on the consolidated data mart set were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The overall operative mortality (within 30 days) was 3.8% and the mortality after 3 months was 5.9%. In addition to clinical characteristics, the following laboratory values were identified as independent predictors of 30-day mortality: fasting blood glucose, antithrombine III, partial thromboplastine time and creatinine kinase. As independent predictors of 3-month mortality, the following laboratory values were indentified: fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, antithrombine III, partial thromboplastine time, lactate dehydrogenase, sodium concentration and serum proteins. The discriminative power of the models increased if laboratory parameters were included in addition to preoperative clinical characteristics (from 0.75 to 0.79 and from 0.75 to 0.78 for 30-day and 3-month mortality, respectively). The discriminative power using the logistic EuroScore was lower (0.71 and 0.7, for 30-day and 3-month mortality, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory parameters as objective markers for organ function and nutritional status are useful data for the prediction of 30-day and 3-month mortality after aortic valve replacement. Using modern methods of information technology, these valuable data which are stored electronically in most hospitals, can be used efficiently for research and quality control. 相似文献
4.
Gao HZ Kobayashi K Tabata A Tsuge H Iijima M Yasuda T Kalkanoglu HS Dursun A Tokatli A Coskun T Trefz FK Skladal D Mandel H Seidel J Kodama S Shirane S Ichida T Makino S Yoshino M Kang JH Mizuguchi M Barshop BA Fuchinoue S Seneca S Zeesman S Knerr I Rodés M Wasant P Yoshida I De Meirleir L Abdul Jalil M Begum L Horiuchi M Katunuma N Nakagawa S Saheki T 《Human mutation》2003,22(1):24-34
Classical citrullinemia (CTLN1), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is caused by mutations of the argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) gene, localized on chromosome 9q34.1. ASS functions as a rate-limiting enzyme in the urea cycle. Previously, we identified 32 mutations in the ASS gene of CTLN1 patients mainly in Japan and the United States, and to date 34 different mutations have been described in 50 families worldwide. In the present study, we report ASS mutations detected in 35 additional CTLN1 families from 11 countries. By analyzing the entire coding sequence and the intron-exon boundaries of the ASS gene using RT-PCR and/or genomic DNA-PCR, we have identified 16 novel mutations (two different 1-bp deletions, a 67-bp insertion, and 13 missense) and have detected 12 known mutations. Altogether, 50 different mutations (seven deletion, three splice site, one duplication, two nonsense, and 37 missense) in 85 CTLN1 families were identified. On the basis of primary sequence comparisons with the crystal structure of E. coli ASS protein, it may be concluded that any of the 37 missense mutations found at 30 different positions led to structural and functional impairments of the human ASS protein. It has been found that three mutations are particularly frequent: IVS6-2A>G in 23 families (Japan: 20 and Korea: three), G390R in 18 families (Turkey: six, U.S.: five, Spain: three, Israel: one, Austria: one, Canada: one, and Bolivia: one), and R304W in 10 families (Japan: nine and Turkey: one). Most mutations of the ASS gene are "private" and are distributed throughout the gene, except for exons 5 and 12-14. It seems that the clinical course of the patients with truncated mutations or the G390R mutation is early-onset/severe. The phenotype of the patients with certain missense mutations (G362V or W179R) is more late-onset/mild. Eight patients with R86H, A118T, R265H, or K310R mutations were adult/late-onset and four of them showed severe symptoms during pregnancy or postpartum. However, it is still difficult to prove the genotype-phenotype correlation, because many patients were compound heterozygotes (with two different mutations), lived in different environments at the time of diagnosis, and/or had several treatment regimes or various knowledge of the disease. 相似文献
5.
Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), which occurs in pteropid and insectivorous bat populations, causes a rabies-like encephalitis in infected humans. We report the first complete sequence of an ABLV isolate obtained from a human who developed symptoms 27 months after being bitten by an infected flying fox. This isolate is the smallest lyssavirus to be sequenced, with a size of 11,918 nucleotides. Analyses of previously unsequenced regions and the complete genome confirm its close relationship with classical rabies viruses. In addition, a leucine zipper-like motif, not present in the other lyssaviruses, was found in the conserved domain I of the polymerase protein. This is the first report of a lyssavirus to vary in an 11-nucleotide, strictly conserved, complementary terminal sequence. This region is thought to encode important cis-acting regulatory signals; ABLV variation indicates a greater degree of flexibility than was thought for lyssaviruses in this region. A comparison of the pteropid and insectivorous isolates of ABLV indicates considerable differences between the two viruses. If the divergence of the two occurred on the Australian mainland, ABLV may have been endemic to Australia well before European colonisation. 相似文献
6.
Czarniak E Samet A Bronk M Rybak B Kochowska-Bronk M Zajac-Lenczewska I Ksiazek J Skokowski J 《Pneumonologia i alergologia polska》2003,71(1-2):31-35
The clinical specimens received from patients hospitalized in Department of Thoracic Surgery between 1997 and 2001 were microbiologically examined. The main specimen for microbiological examination was pleural fluid (median 34%). The frequency of specimens from bronchial tree increased significantly (from 4% to 26%) with concurrent decrease of sputum (from 29% to 6%). Among isolated pathogens, Gram negative rods were the most frequent (median 48%) and Pseudomonas sp. was the main pathogen among them. Occurrence of staphylococci was median 22% and Staphylococcus aureus, with a little decrease in analyzed period, was still the main Gram positive pathogen. Simultaneously the occurrence of MRSA in the last three years dropped three times. The number of isolations of yeasts have risen from 5.8% to 10.3%. 相似文献
7.
Miyahara Y Hibasami H Katsuzaki H Imai K Osawa T Ina K Komiya T 《International journal of molecular medicine》2001,7(5):485-488
The exposure of human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells to sesaminol, a component of sesame oil led to both growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis. Morphological change showing apoptotic bodies was observed in the cells treated with sesaminol. The fragmentation of DNA by sesaminol to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments that are characteristics of apoptosis was observed to be concentration- and time-dependent. These findings suggest that growth inhibition of Molt 4B cells by sesaminol results from the induction of apoptosis in the cells. 相似文献
8.
Prevalence of fragilysin gene in Bacteroides fragilis isolates from blood and other extraintestinal samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Foulon I Piérard D Muyldermans G Vandoorslaer K Soetens O Rosseel P Lauwers S 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2003,41(9):4428-4430
Of 166 Bacteroides fragilis isolates, 26.2% of 103 isolates from blood and 20.6% of 63 extraintestinal isolates harbored the fragilysin gene (difference not statistically significant). Clinical characteristics and evolution were comparable in patients with B. fragilis bacteremia with or without this enterotoxin. Fragilysin seems not to be an important virulence factor in B. fragilis disease. 相似文献
9.
Andreas Ratzka Ina Kalus Markus Moser Thomas Dierks Stefan Mundlos Andrea Vortkamp 《Developmental dynamics》2008,237(2):339-353
Modification of the sulfation pattern of heparan sulfate (HS) during organ development is thought to regulate binding and signal transduction of several growth factors. The secreted sulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2, desulfate HS on 6-O-positions extracellularly. We show that both sulfatases are expressed in overlapping patterns during embryonic skeletal development. Analysis of compound mutants of Sulf1 and Sulf2 derived from gene trap insertions and targeted null alleles revealed subtle but distinct skeletal malformations including reduced bone length, premature vertebrae ossification and fusions of sternebrae and tail vertebrae. Molecular analysis of endochondral ossification points to a function of Sulf1 and Sulf2 in delaying the differentiation of endochondral bones. Penetrance and severity of the phenotype increased with reduced numbers of functional alleles indicating redundant functions of both sulfatases. The mild skeletal phenotype of double mutants suggests a role for extracellular modification of 6-O-sulfation in fine-tuning rather than regulating the development of skeletal structures. 相似文献
10.
Three different auditory stimulus paradigms were used to elicit P300 potentials. Normal subjects were tested on the classical rare target stimulus, single-stimulus and omitted-stimulus conditions. Noninvasive identification of the cerebral sources of the event-related potentials (ERPs) was performed using spatio-temporal multiple dipole modeling (BESA software) with individually sized spherical head models. The grand average data of each condition was first independently modeled and these models were used as starting values for modeling each individual subject's data. Models for the rare-stimulus condition and single-stimulus condition both consisted of 6 dipoles. Models for the omitted-stimulus condition consisted of 2 dipoles. The dipole locations of the final individual 6-dipole models for the rare and single-stimulus conditions did not differ significantly from each other or from one previous result obtained from a another group of subjects (Tarkka et al. 1995). Super-imposition of the dipole coordinates on the sterotaxic brain atlas suggests that bilateral deep medial temporal lobe structures are the major contributors to rare and single-stimulus P300s. Because both the wave form morphology and the source model of the P300 elicited by single stimulus were close to those of the rare-stimulus P300 it may be that the underlying neural mechanisms eliciting these P300 potentials are essentially the same. 相似文献