Bilateral perineal ectopic testes

Perineal testicular ectopia is seen very rarely, bilaterality is even more scarce and three cases have been reported in the literature. Here we present the fourth case with bilateral perineal ectopic testes.     

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by ziprasidone on the second day of treatment.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is the rarest and most serious of the neuroleptic-induced movement disorders. We describe a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) associated with the use of ziprasidone. Although conventional neuroleptics are more frequently associated with NMS, atypical antipsychotic drugs like ziprasidone may also be a cause. The patient is a 24-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia who developed signs and symptoms of NMS after 2 days of treatment with an 80-mg/day dose of orally administrated ziprasidone. This case is the earliest (second day of treatment) NMS due to ziprasidone reported in the literature.     

CLINICAL FEMINISATION AND SEX HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN NIGERIAN MEN WITH CIRRHOSIS WITH AND WITHOUT HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

SUMMARY The study explored the incidence of clinical feminisation and the sex hormone levels of 18 Nigerian patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) alone and 18 patients with LC and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence (11%) of clinical feminisation in Nigerian patients was lower than values reported from other countries and there was no association between feminising signs and the sex hormone levels of the patients. Plasma oestradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were significantly higher and testosterone lower in patients with liver diseases than in 18 age-matched normal controls. Serum concentrations of oestradiol were also found to be significantly higher in patients with LC alone than in those with LC and HCC. A possible promotive role for oestrogens in the development of HCC from the cirrhotic liver is discussed.     

Dosimetric evaluation of the effect of dental implants in head and neck radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the dose enhancement from scattered radiation at bone-dental implant interfaces during simulated head and neck radiotherapy. STUDY DESIGN: Four cylindrical titanium dental implants with 3 different sizes and lengths were implanted into a human mandible in 4 different positions. Ionization measurements for 6 MV X, 25 MV X, and Co-60 gamma rays were done. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD 100 ) chips were used to measure radiation dose enhancement due to the scattered electrons from titanium and electronic disequilibrium at the tissue-metal interface. RESULTS: The results showed that for Co-60, there is a 21% maximum increase in dose to alveolar mandibular bone at the close proximity to the titanium. For 6-MV x-rays the dose enhancement increase was almost the same or slightly lower than for Co-60, while for 25-MV high-energy x-rays, dose enhancement was lower than that of others. This increase in dose enhancement fell off rapidly and became insignificant at 2 mm from the interface. CONCLUSION: Total dose that may lead to osteoradionecrosis risk of the mandible is slightly but not significantly affected by the scattered dose of the dental implants of lower jaw in the radiation field exposed to 3 different radiation beams.     

Nonoliguric renal failure after transurethral resection of prostate

PURPOSE: To define the relation of nonoliguric renal failure to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), its clinical importance, and predictive factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The files of 439 patients who had undergone TURP at Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, between January 1991 and 1994 were analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative serum creatinine concentration and the presence of clinical signs and symptoms of TUR syndrome (Group I: patients with preoperative and postoperative creatinine in the normal range; Group II: patients suffering nonoliguric renal failure; and Group III: patients with TUR syndrome). The data of the groups were compared in terms of factors influencing nonoliguric renal failure. RESULTS: The mean postoperative concentrations of sodium, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and albumin in Groups II and III were statistically different from those in Group I (P < 0.001). There was a moderate relation between hyponatremia and the occurrence of nonoliguric renal failure (r(s) = -0.56). Capsule perforation increased the risk of nonoliguric renal failure 10.6 fold. All of the patients were managed by a conservative approach, and none of the patients died or progressed to end-stage renal disease. They were all discharged with a mean hospitalization period of 7 days and normal renal function tests. CONCLUSION: Nonoliguric renal failure was thought to be an early step in the pathophysiology of TUR syndrome with acute renal failure. It is an asymptomatic clinical picture that is undiagnosed unless laboratory examinations are performed. A conservative therapeutic approach is enough.     

Proposal for changes in cystoscopic follow-up of patients with low-grade pTa bladder tumor

OBJECTIVES: The cystoscopic follow-up of superficial bladder cancer accounts for a considerable workload for urologists and is also an invasive procedure with high costs. There is a potential benefit both to the urologist and the patient if unnecessary cystoscopies can be avoided. METHODS: The recurrence and progression rates of 120 patients with pTa G1 or G2 and small (<4 cm) transitional cell carcinoma were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The recurrence rate was 6.5% (8/120) at 3 months. The recurrence rates at 6 and 9 months were 6.7 (8/119) and 3.6% (4/112), respectively. However, when the third month (first check) was clear, the recurrence rates at 6- and 9-month cystoscopy were 4.3 (5/116) and 2.7% (3/111), respectively. The recurrence rate at 12 months was 8% (8/99). For G1 tumors, the recurrence rates at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 6 (5/84), 5 (5/83), 2.5 (2/80) and 7% (5/71), respectively. The same results for G2 tumors were 8 (3/36), 8 (3/36), 6 (2/32) and 10.5% (3/28), respectively. The progression rate for the first year was lower than 1%. The difference between G1 and G2 tumors according to recurrence rate within the first year was not statistically significant (p>0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the proposal that for patients with small and welldifferentiated pTa tumors at diagnosis, if the first control cystoscopy is clear, it is appropriate to perform the second check cystoscopy 1 year from initial resection and subsequent controls yearly. One should note that the study group included the most suitable patients for cystoscopic follow-up according to size and multiplicity of the tumor. This change in policy is further supported by the fact that progression occured in less than 1% in this group of patients.