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The activities of two enzymes of purine metabolism, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), were determined in spleen lymphocytes from mice of various ages. We found that in the older animals, which have depressed responses to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, there is a decrease in the activity of PNP but normal activity of ADA. The decline of PNP activity was seen at 7.5 months of age and appears to be concurrent with a decline in T-cell function. These results suggest that a decrease in PNP activity may be a contributing factor in the immunodeficient state of the aged. 相似文献
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Guido Marcucci MD Professor of Medicine Krzysztof Mrzek MD PhD Research Scientist Michael D. Radmacher PhD Senior Clinical Biostatistician Clara D. Bloomfield MD Distinguished University Professor William G. Pace III Professor of Cancer Research Carlo M. Croce MD The John W. Wolfe Chair in Human Cancer Genetics Professor Chairman 《Best Practice & Research: Clinical Haematology》2009,22(2):239-248
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Background
A variety of legal, social and logistical factors can prevent individuals from accessing formal needle exchange programmes. One common solution to this problem is satellite exchange, which involves collaborating with people who already use an exchange to deliver needles and other supplies to those unable to access the exchange. While this approach can be very successful, one potential problem is that those most willing to deliver needles to their peers are often members of social networks that are already well connected with the needle exchange, leading to duplication of effort.In this paper we describe a simple and novel method for identifying groups of people who are demonstrably in need of improved access to needles, and for re-targeting efforts to meet the needs of those people. The method described was piloted at the Homeless Youth Alliance, San Francisco, USA, and further refined at Clean Needles Now, Los Angeles, USA.Methods
People accessing needle exchange sites were asked to participate in a survey with two questions: “where were you and what time was it last time someone borrowed a needle from you?” and “where were you and what time was it last time you had to borrow a needle from someone else?” Responses were geocoded, and maps produced showing ‘hotspots’ where people were frequently finding themselves without needles.Results
Satellite needle exchange was refined from an ad-hoc activity into one which focused on delivering needles to those with empirically demonstrable need. Maps produced in the process also proved valuable in discussions with local officials and other agencies about funding, as well as needle provision policy and practices.Conclusion
We describe a method for rapidly assessing, describing, and responding to unmet and under-met need among injecting drug users. The method is particularly well-suited to organizations with extremely limited resources. 相似文献8.
Feeding mice with diets enriched in dried cruciferous vegetables (cabbage and collards) resulted in a significant decrease in the number of pulmonary metastases after the animals were injected intravenously with mammary tumor cells. No differences in weight gain or calorie consumption were seen between the mice fed the different diets. These results support other evidence that diets high in cruciferous vegetables may be beneficial in cancer prevention. 相似文献
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Alan S. Cohen Distinguished Professor of Medicine 《Amyloid》2013,20(2):138-139
AbstractBackground: Cardiac amyloidosis had been considered to be an incurable disease; however, new disease-modifying therapeutic approaches have succeeded in ameliorating the disease. Therefore, early and precise diagnosis based on the amyloid precursor protein is extremely important.Objective: To determine the prevalence rates of systemic amyloidoses underlying cardiac amyloidosis.Methods: The types of amyloidosis in 53 consecutive patients with endomyocardial biopsy-proven cardiac amyloidosis were analyzed by Congo red and immunohistochemical staining. If staining for TTR was positive, direct DNA sequencing of the entire TTR gene was performed.Results: ATTR amyloidosis was the most common (32/53 patients, 60.4%). The ATTR amyloidosis subtypes were senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) 11, familial ATTR 10, and genotype unknown 11. AL amyloidosis was the next most frequent (19/53, 35.8%).Conclusions: ATTR amyloidosis, especially SSA, might be much more common than previously thought. With the development of new drugs targeting the ATTR amyloidosis, major efforts should be made to increase awareness of senile systemic amyloidosis among cardiologists. 相似文献