硫酸多糖对体外人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

研究表明,硫酸多糖体外对多聚阳离子和氧自由基损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞有保护作用。肝素、硫酸软骨素A抗多聚阳离子损伤作用比同浓度低分子肝素和甘糖酯强。肝素、硫酸软骨素A、甘糖酯抗氧自由基损伤作用优于同浓度低分子肝素。结果显示硫酸多糖有保护血管内皮的作用,其作用可能与所带阴离子基团有关。     

105Changes in Nitric Oxide Levels After Deep Dermal injury in the Female,Red Duroc Pig (FRDP)

Introduction : Hypertrophic scar is a devastating sequel to burns and other tangential skin injuries. It follows deep dermal injuries and does not occur after superficial injuries. Nitric oxide (NO) plays many important roles in wound healing from inflammation to scar remodeling. Studies have shown that expression of nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production are decreased in human hypertrophic scar. However little is known about NO involvement in the early stages of hypertrophic scarring, because of the lack of an animal model. It was recently reported that the female red Duroc pig (FRDP) makes thick scar, which is similar to human hypertrophic scar. We hypothesized that NO production in wounds on the female, red Duroc pig is similar to that of human hypertrophic scar and that NO involvement in deep wounds is different from that in superficial wounds. Methods : Superficial (0.015” to 0.030”) and deep (0.045” to 0.060”) wounds were created on the backs of four FRDPs. Biopsies were collected at weeks 1.5, 4, 8 and 21 post wounding including samples of uninjured skin. Nitric oxide levels were measured with the Griess reaction assay and normalized with tissue protein level. Results : Superficial wounds healed with an invisible scar whereas the deep wounds healed with scar resembling mild hypertrophic scar. The thickness of the scars from the deep wounds was significantly greater than uninjured skin and healed superficial wounds (p < 0.01). NO levels were increased at 1.5 weeks in deep wounds compared to superficial wounds and uninjured skin (p < 0.05). At 8 weeks, NO levels in deep wounds had returned to the level of uninjured tissue and superficial wounds. By 21 weeks, NO levels had decreased significantly when compared to superficial wounds (p < 0.01). There were no differences in NO levels between uninjured skin and superficial wounds at any time point (p > 0.05). Conclusions : NO production is similar in late, deep wounds on the female, red Duroc pig to that reported in the literature for human hypertrophic scar further validating this animal model. NO production is quite different after deep wounds as compared to superficial wounds in the FRDP. Early elevation in nitric oxide production might account for excessive inflammation in deep wounds that become thick scars in the FRDP. Nitric oxide regulators and effects at early stages of scar formation should be elucidated further and the FRDP appears to be a useful model.     

Immunolymphoscintigraphy of pulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes in dogs: a new approach to lung cancer imaging

Despite improved resolution with new imaging techniques, surgical confirmation of mediastinal lymph node status is often required for reliable staging of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Recent scintigraphic studies suggest that s.c. administration of radiolabeled antibodies can be more efficient than the i.v. route for targeting regional lymph nodes in animals and humans. To determine if this approach could be applied to the lymphatics of the lung, we injected both specific and irrelevant radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies via a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope through the mucosa of lobar bronchi in normal dogs. The injected antibodies were expected to drain by way of local lymphatic vessels toward the central lymph nodes, in effect following the same pathway as do cells metastasizing to these nodes during early regional tumor dissemination. To accomplish this, anesthetized dogs were intubated and then coinjected with the two labeled antibodies [600 microCi/100 micrograms (total)] through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The animals were serially imaged and then autopsied 14-36 h after injection. Individual hilar and carinal nodes contained over 1% of the injected 131I-labeled specific antibody dose and the average selectivity was 2.5:1 with respect to a coinjected irrelevant IgG. Distant organs (mesenteric lymph node, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lung parenchyma other than the injection site) contained much less radioactivity, and those sites accumulated a greater fraction of the non-specific labeled antibody. The ratio of iodine-131 to iodine-125 counts between hilar/carinal lymph nodes and abdominal lymph nodes ranged from 15:1 to 100:1. These initial studies indicate efficient delivery of antibody to a subset of the regional nodes via pulmonary lymphatics. They suggest the feasibility of this technique which may be of use in the detection and perhaps therapy of human lung cancer metastases in regional lymph nodes.     

Serum pepsinogen I and gastrin concentrations in children positive for Helicobacter pylori.

Serum pepsinogen I, serum gastrin concentration, and inflammatory scores were measured in a population of 71 children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for investigation of upper abdominal pain. Forty four were initially colonised with Helicobacter pylori. The indices were measured before treatment (in 71 children), one month (in 41 children), and six months (in 21 children) after stopping treatment. Before treatment there was a significant correlation between serum pepsinogen concentration, total inflammatory score, and H pylori state, but no correlation between serum gastrin concentrations and H pylori state. Similarly, the total inflammatory score and serum pepsinogen concentrations were significantly correlated. There was no such correlation in children negative for H pylori. After treatment the inflammatory score improved in those patients in whom H pylori had been eradicated. There was also a significant fall in serum pepsinogen I and serum gastrin concentration in those patients in whom H pylori had been eradicated. These results were similar to those found six months after treatment had been stopped. These findings suggest that the serum pepsinogen I concentration could be considered a useful marker for gastritis and can be used as an index of severity of gastritis in H pylori positive subjects. The measurement of serum gastrin concentrations does not give useful information.     

乳腺管状小叶癌

乳腺管状小叶癌（Tubulolobular carcinoma，TLC）最初是被作为小叶癌的管状变型。作者总结了27例TLC的组织学、免疫表型和临床特征，并与纯小管癌和经典型小叶癌进行了比较。此组患者年龄43-79岁（中位年龄60岁）。1例双侧乳腺受累，5例病变为多灶性。肿瘤直径0．5-2．5cm，色灰褐，质硬。组织学观察：TLC的肿瘤细胞形成管状和条索状两种结构模式并相互混杂，且两者比例相当（统称为管状小叶模式）。     

Identification ofCorynebacterium jeikeium andCorynebacterium CDC group D 2 with the API 20 strep system

A total of 170 strains ofCorynebacterium jeikeium and 23 strains ofCorynebacterium group D2 were examined in three British laboratories using the API 20 Strep identification system and three supplementary tests (catalase production, urease production and nitrate reduction). The isolates were collected from clinical specimens in various laboratories over a three-year period. The two species produced consistent reactions in these tests after 24 h. Two tests were highly discriminatory, with positive reactions for ribose fermentation seen forCorynebacterium jeikeium while urease production was observed withCorynebacterium group D2. This method allows routine clinical laboratories to rapidly identify these emerging pathogens.     

Molecular heterogeneity at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus in the population of the south-west of England.

The phenylalanine hydroxylase gene locus has been studied in 35 independent phenylketonuric families in the south-west of England using RFLP haplotype patterns and allele specific oligonucleotide probes. Haplotype 3 was the most common pattern on mutant chromosomes and there was strict linkage disequilibrium between this haplotype and the splice mutation in exon 12. The R408W mutation in exon 12 occurred on both haplotypes 1 and 2. The R126Q mutation in exon 7 was found only on a rare haplotype 28 pattern. No gene carried the R158Q mutation. More than 60% of mutant genes did not carry these four mutations which were originally described in other European populations. We suggest that the splice mutation arose as a single event and spread throughout northern Europe by population migration and admixture. In addition, we believe the haplotype/mutation associations seen in our population are a reflection of the mixed ancestry of the inhabitants of the British Isles.