Patellofemoral joint arthroplasty: patient selection,surgical technique and outcomes

Isolated patellofemoral arthritis is an increasingly recognized entity, and is usually associated with previous patellofemoral dysplasia or instability. Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) has evolved significantly in recent years, both in terms of implant design and importantly in the understanding of appropriate patient selection. This review outlines the indications and investigations for PFA, provides a brief history of the development of contemporary implants, and presents the clinical outcomes for the prostheses most commonly used in the UK. In addition, it provides a detailed surgical technique for implantation of an onlay implant, with tips on how to optimize patellofemoral biomechanics and thus achieve a consistently good outcome.     

Safety profile of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine: Pooled analysis of two large randomised phase 3 trials

Background

The ZOE-50 (NCT01165177) and ZOE-70 (NCT01165229) phase 3 clinical trials showed that the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was ≥90% efficacious in preventing herpes zoster in adults. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the safety data from these studies.

Total anorectal reconstruction with a double dynamic graciloplasty after abdominoperineal reconstruction for low rectal cancer

PURPOSE: Total anorectal reconstruction with a double dynamic graciloplasty was performed after abdominoperineal reconstruction (APR) for low rectal cancer. In four patients an additional pouch was constructed to improve neorectal motility and capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results in the first 20 patients and to report on the preliminary results of patients with an additional pouch. METHODS: Twenty patients with a mean age of 52 (range, 25–71) years and a rectal tumor at a mean of 3 (range, 0–5) cm from the anal verge were treated. In 14 patients the Miles resection, colon pull-through, and construction of a neosphincter were performed in one session. Six patients had the double graciloplasty at an average of 4.1 (range, 1.1–8.8) years after APR. In four patients a pouch was constructed with an isolated segment of distal ileum. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 24 (range, 1–60) months after APR, none of the patients developed local recurrence, whereas four patients developed distant metastasis. Fifteen of 20 patients were available for evaluation, and 5 patients were still in training. Of these 15 patients, 8 patients were continent (53 percent), 2 patients were incontinent, and in 5 patients the perineal stoma was converted to an abdominal stoma. Failures were attributable to necrosis of the colon stump (n=2) and incontinence (n=3). At 26 weeks mean resting pressure was 44 (standard deviation (SD), 28) mmHg, and mean pressure during stimulation was 90 (SD, 46) mmHg at a mean of 35 (SD, 1.2) volts at 52 weeks. Mean defecation frequency was three times per day (range, 1–5). Of the eight patients who were continent, six used daily enemas. Mean time to postpone defecation was 11 (range, 0–30) minutes. CONCLUSION: In experienced hands, the double dynamic graciloplasty is an oncologically safe procedure that can have an acceptable functional outcome in a well-selected group of patients. However, to improve the outcome, further modifications will be necessary. So far, the addition of a pouch has not resulted in improved outcome. Supported by the Profileringsfonds of the Maastricht University Hospital, The Netherlands, and by the Stichting Fondsenwervingsactie Volksgezondheid, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Read in part at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Seattle, Washington, June 9 to 14, 1995.