Effects of long working hours and the night shift on severe sleepiness among workers with 12‐hour shift systems for 5 to 7 consecutive days in the automobile factories of Korea

We investigated the effects of 12‐hour shift work for five to seven consecutive days and overtime on the prevalence of severe sleepiness in the automobile industry in Korea. [Correction added after online publication 28 Nov: Opening sentence of the summary has been rephrased for better clarity.] A total of 288 randomly selected male workers from two automobile factories were selected and investigated using questionnaires and sleep‐wake diaries in South Korea. The prevalence of severe sleepiness at work [i.e. Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) score of 7 or higher] was modeled using marginal logistic regression and included theoretical risk factors related to working hours and potential confounding factors related to socio‐economic status, work demands, and health behaviors. Factors related to working hours increased the risk for severe sleepiness at the end of the shift in the following order: the night shift [odds ratio (OR): 4.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6–6.0)], daily overtime (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.7–2.9), weekly overtime (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0–2.6), and night overtime (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.8–3.0). Long working hours and shift work had a significant interactive effect for severe sleepiness at work. Night shift workers who worked for 12 h or more a day were exposed to a risk of severe sleepiness that was 7.5 times greater than day shift workers who worked less than 11 h. Night shifts and long working hours were the main risk factors for severe sleepiness among automobile factory workers in Korea. Night shifts and long working hours have a high degree of interactive effects resulting in severe sleepiness at work, which highlight the need for immediate measures to address these characteristics among South Korean labor force patterns.     

集束干预护理在创伤患者不明原因发热合并多重耐药菌感染患者中的应用效果评价

目的探讨集束化护理干预对不明原因发热合并多重耐药菌感染创伤患者的干预效果。方法将84例不明原因发热合并多重耐药菌感染创伤患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和集束化护理组各42例,对照组采用常规护理,集束化护理组制定集束化护理程序并实施,比较两组患者的住院情况、治疗效果等级、细菌学评价等级、转归情况、满意度等指标。结果两组患者感染前的住院天数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);集束化护理组的细菌学评价效果等级优于对照组,满意度明显高于对照组,日均住院费用、感染后的住院天数、呼吸机使用天数等指标明显低于对照组,痊愈率高于对照组,病死率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对不明原因发热合并多重耐药菌感染创伤患者实施集束化护理干预,可大大缩短住院时间,降低经济负担,护理效果明显。     

Pre- and Perinatal Factors in Febrile Convulsions

Forsgren, L., Sidenvall, R., Blomquist, H. K:son, Heijbel, J. and Nyström, L. (Departments of Neurology, Paediatrics and Epidemiology and Health Care Research, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden). Acta Paediatr Scand 80: 218, 1991.
In a community based study, 110 children with febrile convulsions (FC) were identified prospectively. Pre- and perinatal risk factors were compared with 213 age and sex matched controls sampled from the community. During pregnancy, proteinuria and preeclampsia/eclampsia Occurred more often in mothers of cases. Premature birth and bilirubinemia ≥ 200 μmol/l were also more common in cases. There were no differences between cases and controls in Occurrence of chronic illnesses in mothers, parents age at birth, birth order, and factors occurring during delivery such as type of anesthesia, Occurrence of acute or elective cesarean section, use of vacuum extraction, mode of presentation, signs of fetal distress in amnion fluid, umbilical problems, abnormalities of fetal heart rate or duration of delivery. Perinatal asphyxia was uncommon and there was no difference between cases and referents. Occurrence of complications during the first neonatal week did not differ between groups.     

不同院前急救模式对急性冠脉综合征疗效的影响

目的 了解我国急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)院前救治的综合水平以及影响ACS院前急救治疗效果的因素.方法 采用目标人群的横断面研究的流行病学调查方法,用自制的ACS院前救治效果调查表收集了13个单位的272份病例资料.结果 通过对4种急救模式院前ACS处置的数据分析,发现指挥型出车距离短于依托型,指挥型呼救反应时间短于院前型、依托型,指挥型的呼救到达时间长于独立型、依托型.现场初步处置的数据分析发现,在建立静脉通道、阿司匹林、硝酸酯、心电图等方面差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).ACS院前急救的总有效率为48.0％,而独立型有效率最高达70.0％.影响治疗效果的因素包括:院前型(OR=24.097)、指挥型(OR=25.158)、使用硝酸酯类药(OR=23.045)和口服给药(OR=28.215).结论 独立型院前急救模式在ACS的院前急救中的治疗效果最好,院前型的现场初步处置做得最好；给予硝酸酯类药物和口服给药方式对治疗效果的帮助最大.     

大肠癌中Survivin、PTEN、p16的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨Survivin、PTEN、p16基因在大肠癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:利用免疫组织化学SP法检测43例结直肠癌和12例正常结直肠粘膜组织中以上3种基因的表达产物。结果:43例结直肠癌组织中Survivin基因表达23例,癌旁正常直结肠组织中无Survivin基因的表达,Survivin的表达与结直肠癌的组织分型、浸润深度、Dukes'分期无明显相关性(P＞0．05),与结肠癌的转移有相关性(P＜0．05)。而PTEN,p16与大肠癌的分化程度、浸润深度、临床分期、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0．05)。结论:Survivin、PTEN、p16的异常表达在大肠癌发生、发展过程中起重要作用,联合检测Survivin、PTEN、p16表达水平有可能作为反映大肠癌进展和预后的生物学指标。     

HEART RATE AND ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE DURING DIFFERENT FORMS OF INDUCTION OF ANAESTHESIA IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS AND CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS

Twenty-four patients about to undergo surgery for mitral stenosisor constxictive pericarditis were studied by recording intra-arterialblood pressure and heart rate continuously during the inductionperiod. In two groups of patients, narcosis was induced withthiopentone or hexobarbitone. In the third group, inductiontook place with nitrous oxide. The investigation shows that:(1) A significant increase in blood pressure occurred duringintubation in all three groups, and was most marked in the thiopentonegroup. The blood pressure returned to the initial values inthe thiopentone and nitrous oxide groups. Pronounced hypotensionappeared in the hexobarbitone group. (2) A significant increasein heart rate during intubation occurred only in the barbiturategroups. Bradycardia appeared in the hexobarbitone group. ^*Present addresses; Anaesthesia Department, East Hospital, Universityof Gothenburg, Sweden. Present addresses; Anaesthesia Department, County Hospital,Skellefteft, Sweden.     

Early effects of hCG on human testicular cyclic AMP content, protein kinase activity, in-vitro progesterone conversion and the serum concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol

Ten infertile men underwent testicular biopsy. Cyclic AMP concentration and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity were determined in biopsies obtained before, and at 3, 10, 20 and 30 min after an intravenous injection of hCG (1500-5000 IU). The in-vitro conversion of progesterone by testicular tissue, and the serum concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol were then studied before and at 30 min after hCG injection. Intravenous injection of hCG induced a rapid increase in cAMP concentration and in the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The kinetics of this response indicated that cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase mediate hCG effects on the human testis, presumably via effects on the Leydig cells. No stimulatory effect on steroid conversion in vitro or on the serum concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol were seen after 30 min.